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12. Truce – Peace – Treaties – Alliance

indutias facere (Phil. 8. 7) – to make a truce.

indutias violare– to break a truce.

ius gentium violare– to violate the law of nations.

agere cum aliquo de pace– to treat with some one about peace.

pacem conciliare (Fam. 10. 27) – to bring about a peace.

pacem facere cum aliquo– to make peace with some one.

pacem dirimere, frangere– to break the peace.

his condicionibus– on these terms.

pacis condiciones ferre (not proponere) – to propose terms of peace.

pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12) – to dictate the terms of peace to some one.

pacis condiciones accipere, subire (opp. repudiare, respuere) – to accept the terms of the peace.

pax convenit in eam condicionem, ut…– peace is concluded on condition that…

summa pax– deep peace.

captivos permutare, commutare– to exchange prisoners.

captivos redimere (Off. 2. 18) – to ransom prisoners.

captivos sine pretio reddere– to restore prisoners without ransom.

obsides dare– to give hostages.

obsides civitatibus imperare– to compel communities to provide hostages.

pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40) – to conclude a treaty with some one.

ex pacto, ex foedere– according to treaty.

foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire– to conclude a treaty, an alliance.

foedus frangere, rumpere, violare– to violate a treaty, terms of alliance.

socium aliquem asciscere (B. G. 1. 5) – to make some one one's ally.

in amicitia populi Romani esse (Liv. 22. 37) – to be on friendly terms with the Roman people.

a senatu amicus ³⁰³ appellatus est (B. G. 1. 3) – he received from the senate the title of friend.

13. Conquest – Submission

terra potiri– to conquer a country.

terram suae dicionis facere– to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

populum in potestatem suam redigere (B. G. 2. 34) – to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

populum in deditionem venire cogere– to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

populum in deditionem accipere– to accept the submission of a people.

populum perdomare, subigere– to subjugate a nation.

populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself) – to make oneself master of a people, country.

se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui) – to make one's submission to some one.

in deditionem venire (without alicui) – to make one's submission to some one.

in alicuius potestatem se permittere– to make one's submission to some one.

sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse– to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui) – to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

in potestate, in dicione alicuius esse– to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

qui imperio subiecti sunt– subjects.

aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium…) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3) – to reduce a people to their former obedience.

aliquem in officio continere– to keep some one in subjection.

in officio manere, permanere– to remain in subjection.

Asiam in provinciae formam (in provinciam) redigere (B. G. 1. 45) – to make Asia into a Roman province.

Asia populi Romani facta est– Asia was made subject to Rome.

gentem ad internecionem redigere or adducere (B. G. 2. 28) – to completely annihilate a nation.

XVII. Shipping

1. Naval Affairs in General

navis actuaria– a cutter.

navis longa– a man-of-war.

navis oneraria– a transport or cargo-boat.

navis mercatoria– a merchantman.

oppidum maritimum– a seaport town.

navibus plurimum posse– to have a powerful navy.

rebus maritimis multum valere– to have a powerful navy.

navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere– to build a ship, a fleet.

navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere– to equip a boat, a fleet.

navem deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too…) – to launch a boat.

navem subducere (in aridum)– to haul up a boat.

navem reficere– to repair a boat.

navem conscendere, ascendere– to embark.

exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19) – to embark an army.

milites in terram, in terra exponere– to disembark troops.

classiarii ³⁰⁴ (B. C. 3. 100) – marines.

nautae, remiges– sailors, rowers.

vectores (Phil. 7. 9. 27) – passengers.

naves annotinae– ships of last year.

2. Voyage – Shipwreck – Landing

solvere (B. G. 4. 28) – to weigh anchor, sail.

navem (naves) solvere– to weigh anchor, sail.

ancoram (ancoras) tollere– to weigh anchor, sail.

naves ex portu solvunt– the ships sail from the harbour.

malacia et tranquillitas (B. G. 3. 15) – a dead calm.

vela in altum dare (Liv. 25. 27) – to put to sea.

ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt– the ships sail out on a fair wind.

vela facere, pandere– to set the sails.

vela dare– to set the sails.

vela contrahere (also metaph.) – to furl the sails.

oram legere (Liv. 21. 51) – to hug the coast.

superare insulam, promunturium– to double an island, cape.

ventis reflantibus (Tusc. 1. 49) – with the wind against one.

cursum dirigere aliquo– to set one's course for a place.

cursum tenere (opp. commutare and deferri) – to hold on one's course.

cursum conficere (Att. 5. 12. 1) – to finish one's voyage.

gubernaculum tractare– to steer.

clavum tenere– to steer.

navem remis agere or propellere– to row.

remis contendere– to row hard.

navem remis concitare, incitare– to row hard.

sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33) – to stop rowing; to easy.

navem retro inhibere (Att. 13. 21) – to back water.

naufragium facere– to be shipwrecked.

navis ad scopulos alliditur (B. C. 3. 27) – the ship strikes on the rocks.

vento se dare– to run before the wind.

in litus eici (B. G. 5. 10) – to be stranded.

deferri, deici aliquo– to be driven out of one's course; to drift.

tempestate abripi– to be driven out of one's course; to drift.

procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert– the storm drives some one on an unknown coast.

naufragium colligere (Sest. 6. 15) – to collect the wreckage.

appellere navem (ad terram, litus)– to land (of people).

appelli (ad oram) (Att. 13. 21) – to land (of ships).

ancoras iacere– to drop anchor.

ancoras tollere– to weigh anchor.

naves ad ancoras deligare (B. G. 4. 29) – to make fast boats to anchors.

naves (classem) constituere (in alto)– to make fast boats to anchors.

ad ancoram consistere– to ride at anchor.

ad ancoras deligari– to ride at anchor.

in ancoris esse, stare, consistere– to ride at anchor.

exire ex, de navi– to land, disembark.

exire, egredi in terram– to land, disembark.

escensionem facere (of troops) – to land, disembark.

portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15) – to be unable to land.

litora ac portus custodia clausos tenere– to keep the coast and harbours in a state of blockade.

deperire– to founder, go down.

aestu incitato– at high tide.

3. A Naval Battle

navis praetoria (Liv. 21. 49) – the admiral's ship; the flagship.

pugnam navalem facere ³⁰⁵– to fight a battle at sea.

navem expedire– to clear for action.

navem rostro percutere– to charge, ram a boat.

navem expugnare– to board and capture a boat.

navem, classem deprimere, mergere– to sink a ship, a fleet.

classes concurrunt (Liv. 26. 39) – the fleets charge.

copulas, manus ferreas (in navem) inicere– to throw grappling irons on board; to board.

in navem (hostium) transcendere– to throw grappling irons on board; to board.

navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere– to capture a boat.

vela armamentaque– sails and rigging.

ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum– much damage was done by this collision.

navigia speculatoria– reconnoitring-vessels.

APPENDIX

ut ait Cicero (always in this order) – as Cicero says.

ut Ciceronis verbis utar– to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not ut cum Cicerone loquar).

ut ita dicam– so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression).

ut non (nihil) dicam de…– not to mention…

ut plura non dicam– to say nothing further on…

ne dicam– not to say… (used in avoiding a stronger expression).

ne (quid) gravius dicam– to say the least…

ut breviter dicam– to put it briefly.

denique– in short; to be brief.

ne multa, quid plura? sed quid opus est plura?– in short; to be brief.

ut paucis (rem) absolvam– in short; to be brief.

ut paucis (brevi, breviter) complectar– in short; to be brief.

ut brevi comprehendam– in short; to be brief.

ut brevi praecīdam– in short; to be brief.

ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam– to sum up…

ne longum sit– not to be prolix.

ne longus, multus sim– not to be prolix.

ne diutius vos demorer– not to be prolix.

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim– not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject.

ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar) – to use the mildest expression.

ut planius dicam– to express myself more plainly.

ut verius dicam– to put it more exactly.

ut semel or in perpetuum dicam– to say once for all.

ut in eodem simili verser– to use the same simile, illustration.

ut hoc utar or afferam– to use this example.

dicam quod sentio– I will give you my true opinion.

tantum or unum illud or hoc dico– I will only say this much…

non nego, non infitior– I do not deny.

hoc dici potest de aliqua re– this can be said of… applies to…

hoc cadit in aliquid– this can be said of… applies to…

hoc transferri potest in aliquid– this can be said of… applies to…

dixi quasi praeteriens or in transitu– I said en passant, by the way.

sexcenties, millies dixi– I have said it a thousand times.

ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est– as I said above.

dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest) – I cannot find words for…

incredibile dictu est– it sounds incredible.

supersedeo oratione (not dicere) – I avoid mentioning…; I prefer not to touch upon…

omitto dicere– I avoid mentioning…; I prefer not to touch upon…

haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam– this I have to say.

haec (fere) dixit– he spoke (very much) as follows.

hanc in sententiam dixit– the tenor of his speech was this…

mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re– I have a few words to say on this.

quod vere praedicare possum– without wishing to boast, yet…

quod non arroganter dixerim– which I can say without offence, arrogance.

pace tua dixerim or dicere liceat– allow me to say.

bona (cum) venia tua dixerim– allow me to say.

non est huius loci c. Inf. – this is not the place to…

non est hic locus, ut…– this is not the place to…

sed de hoc alias pluribus– more of this another time.

atque or sed haec (quidem) hactenus– so much for this subject…; enough has been said on…

atque haec quidem de…– so much for this subject…; enough has been said on…

ac (sed) de … satis dixi, dictum est– so much for this subject…; enough has been said on…

haec (quidem) ille– this much he said.

haec Ciceronis fere– this is very much what Cicero said.

atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est– there is this also to notice.

ad reliqua pergamus, progrediamur– to pass on.

hic (ille) locus obscurus est– this passage is obscure.

hoc in medio relinquamus– let us leave that undecided.

sed lābor longius– but that takes us too far.

non id ad vivum reseco (Lael. 5. 8) – I do not take that too strictly.

nonnulla praedīcam– I wish to say a few words in preface.

ut omittam c. Accus. – putting aside, except.

cum discessi, – eris, – eritis ab– putting aside, except.

praeter c. Accus. – putting aside, except.

ut praetermittam c. Acc. c. Inf. – to except the fact that…

praeterquam quod or nisi quod– to except the fact that…

hoc in promptu est– it is clear, evident.

hoc in aperto est– it is clear, evident.

hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius– this is as clear as daylight.

hoc facile intellegi potest– that is self-evident, goes without saying.

hoc per se intellegitur– that is self-evident, goes without saying.

hoc sua sponte appāret– that is self-evident, goes without saying.

ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet– from this it appears, is apparent.

ex quo perspicuum est– from this it appears, is apparent.

inde patet, appāret– from this it appears, is apparent.

apparet et exstat– it is quite manifest.

exstat atque eminet– it is quite manifest.

si quaeris, si verum quaerimus– to put it exactly.

id quod maximum, gravissimum est– the main point.

quod caput est– the main point.

quod maius est– what is more important.

testis est, testatur, declarat– this shows, proves…

documento, indicio est (without demonstr. pron. but cui rei documento, indicio est) – this shows, proves…

sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem– but this is not to the point.

aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis) – there is something in what you say; you are more or less right.

est istuc quidem aliquid– there is something in what you say; you are more or less right.

audio, fateor– I admit it, say on.

ain tu?– do you think so? are you in earnest?

nonne?– is it not so?

quorsum haec (dicis)?– what do you mean?

male (opp. bene) narras (de)– I am sorry to hear…

monstra dicis, narras– it is incredible.

clarius loquere– speak up, please.

mihi crede (not crede mihi) – believe me.

per me licet– I have no objection.

rem acu tetigisti– you have hit the nail on the head.

ita prorsus existimo– that is exactly what I think.

ita res est– it is so.

res ita (aliter) se habet– the matter stands so (otherwise).

nec mirum, minime mirum (id quidem), quid mirum?– no wonder.

neque id mirum est or videri debet– there is nothing strange in that.

et recte (iure, merito)– quite rightly.

et recte (iure) quidem– quite rightly.

recte, iure id quidem– quite rightly.

neque immerito (iniuria)– and rightly too.

neque id immerito (iniuria)– and rightly too.

meo (tuo, suo) iure– with perfect right.

iusto iure– with perfect right.

iustissime, rectissime– legitimately; with the fullest right.

optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1). – legitimately; with the fullest right.

macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo) – good luck to you.

sed manum de tabula!– but enough!