Читать книгу: «Notes and Queries, Number 189, June 11, 1853», страница 4
"INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE UNION, BY THE WEDNESDAY CLUB IN FRIDAY STREET."
(Vol. vii., pp. 261. 409.)
This very able and valuable work, as to which your correspondent inquires, was written by Wm. Paterson, the projector of the Bank of England and the Darien scheme; a great and memorable name, but which, to the discredit of British biography, will be sought for in vain in Chalmers's or our other biographical dictionaries. The book above noticed appears to be a continuation of another tract by the same author, entitled An Inquiry into the Reasonableness and Consequences of an Union with Scotland, containing a brief Deduction of what hath been done, designed, or proposed in the Matter of the Union during the last Age, a Scheme of an Union as accommodated to the present Circumstances of the two Nations, also States of the respective Revenues, Debts, Weights, Measures, Taxes, and Impositions, and of other Facts of moment: with Observations thereupon, as communicated to Laurence Philips, Esq., near York: London, printed and sold by R. Bragg, 1706, 8vo., 160 pages. This was preceded by an earlier tract by the same author: Conferences on the Public Debts, by the Wednesday's Club in Friday Street: London, 1695, 4to. The last is noticed, with a short account of the author, by Mr. McCulloch (Lib. of Political Economy, p. 159.), but he has not mentioned the two other works previously adverted to. In all of them the author adopts the form of a report of the proceedings of a club; but, without attempting to deny the actual existence of a Wednesday's club in Friday Street (the designation he assumes for it), nothing can be more clear to any one who reads the three tracts than that the conversations, proceedings, and personages mentioned are all the creatures of his own fertile invention, and made use of, more conveniently to bring out his facts, arguments, and statements. The dramatic form he gives them makes even the dry details of finance amusing; and abounding, as they do, in information and thought, these works may always be consulted with profit and pleasure. The Inquiry into the State of the Union, 1717, 8vo., for which Walpole is said to have furnished some of the materials, was answered, but rather feebly, in an anonymous pamphlet entitled Wednesday Club Law; or the Injustice, Dishonour, and Ill Policy of breaking into Parliamentary Contracts for public Debts: London, printed for E. Smith, 1717, 8vo., pp. 38. The author of this pamphlet appears to have been a Mr. Broome. Those who would wish see one of the financial questions discussed in the Inquiry treated with equal force and ability, and with similar views, by a great cotemporary of Paterson, whose pamphlet came out simultaneously, may read Fair Payment no Spunge; or some Considerations on the Unreasonableness of refusing to receive back Money lent on public Securities, and the Necessity of setting the Nation free from the unsupportable Burthen of Debt and Taxes, with a View of the great Advantage and Benefit which will arise to Trade and to the Landed Interest, as well as to the Poor, by having these heavy Grievances taken off: London, printed and sold by Brotherton: Meadows and Roberts, 1717, 8vo., pp. 79. This is one of the pamphlets which, though it has been sometimes erroneously assigned to Paterson, both on external and internal evidence may be confidently attributed to Defoe, but which has unaccountably escaped the notice of all his biographers.
James Crossley.
UNPUBLISHED EPIGRAM BY SIR W. SCOTT (?)
(Vol. vii., p. 498.)
The lines which your correspondent R. Vincent attributes to Sir Walter Scott are part of an old English inscription which Longfellow quotes in Outremer, p. 66., and thus describes in a note:
"I subjoin this relic of old English verse entire.... It is copied from a book whose title I have forgotten, and of which I have but a single leaf, containing the poem. In describing the antiquities of the church of Stratford-upon-Avon, the writer gives the following account of a very old painting upon the wall, and of the poem which served as its motto. The painting is no longer visible, having been effaced in repairing the church:
"'Against the west wall of the nave, on the south side of the arch, was painted the martyrdom of Thomas à Becket, while kneeling at the altar of St. Benedict, in Canterbury Cathedral. Below this was the figure of an angel, probably St. Michael, supporting a long scroll, upon which were seven stanzas in old English, being an allegory of mortality.'"
The lines given at p. 498. of "N. & Q." seem to be taken from the two following stanzas, which stand third and fourth in the old inscription:
"Erth apon erth wynnys castellys and towrys,
Then seth erth unto erth thys ys all owrys.
When erth apon erth hath bylde hys bowrys,
Then schall erth for erth suffur many hard schowrys.
"Erth goth apon erth as man apon mowld,
Lyke as erth apon erth never goo schold,
Erth goth apon erth as gelsteryng gold,
And yet schall erth unto erth rather than he wold."
Dugdale, in his Antiquities of Warwickshire, p. 517., tells us that John de Stratford, who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Edward III., built a chapel on the south side of the church, "to the honour of God and of St. Thomas the Martyr;" and as at p. 521. he describes it as "in the south ile of the said church," the west wall of this chapel answers very well the description of the position of the painting, and inscription. But in The Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xv. p. 238., the chapel of the gild of the Holy Cross, in the centre of the town, is mentioned as the place in which the pictures were discovered, during some repairs which it underwent in the year 1804.
I have since ascertained that the work to which Longfellow refers is Weaver's Account of Stratford-upon-Avon.
Erica.
As a companion to the unpublished epigram in No. 186. of "N. & Q.," I beg to hand you the following epitaph, copied by myself about thirty years since, and referring, as I believe, to an old brass in the church of St. Helen's, London:
"Here lyeth ye bodyes of
James Pomley, ye sonne of ould
Dominick Pomley and Jane his
Wyfe: ye said James deceased ye 7th
day of Januarie Anno Domini 1592
he beyng of ye age of 88 years, and
ye sayd Jane deceased ye – day
of – D–.
Earth goeth upō earth as moulde upō moulde;
Earth goeth upō earth all glittering as golde,
As though earth to ye earth never turne shoulde;
And yet shall earth to ye earth sooner than he woulde."
William Williams.
CHURCH CATECHISM
(Vol. vii., pp. 190. 463.)
In accordance with the request of Z. E. R., I have pleasure in forwarding the extracts from the Catechismus brevis et Catholicus, referred to at pp. 190. 463. of the present volume. It is needful to premise, 1. That the pages of the catechism are not numbered. This will account for the absence of precise references. 2. That only so much is quoted as may exhibit the parallelism; and, 3. That the citations are not consecutive in the original, but arranged in the order of the questions and answers of the Church Catechism, beginning with the fourteenth question, "How many sacraments hath Christ ordained in His Church?"
Q. 14. How many, &c.
"Quot sunt Ecclesiæ Catholicæ Sacramenta?
Septem sunt in universum," &c.
"Quis instituit Baptismum?
Ipse Servator ac Dominus noster Jesus Christus."
[Similarly of the Eucharist.]
Q. 15. What meanest thou, &c.
"Ecquur hæc ipsa—et dicantur et sint Sacramenta?
Sacramenta sunt et dicuntur quia sacra atque efficacia sunt signa divinæ erga nos voluntatis."
Q. 16. How many parts, &c.
"Habetque unumquodque horum (quod sacramentis peculiare est verbum) Elementum, et Gratiam invisibilem. Quod verbum nos docet, et promittit nobis, hoc Elementum seu visibile signum similitudine quâdam demonstrat, hoc idem Gratia quoque (nisi tamen obicem objiciat homo) in anima invisibiliter operatur.
Da paucis singulorum Sacramentorum signa et invisibilem gratiam?"
Q. 17. What is the outward, &c.
"In Baptismo signum externum Aqua est."
Q. 18. What is the inward, &c.
"Quid efficit seu prodest Baptismus?
"Res seu gratia est renovatio et sanctificatio animæ, ablutio omnium peccatorum, adoptio baptizati in filium Dei.
'Baptizatus sum in Nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.'
"Tinctione illa aquæ, operationeque Spiritus Sancti, eripitur baptizatus à regno et tyrannide diaboli, donatur remissione peccatorum ac innocentia, addicitur perpetuò uni veroque Deo Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto, hujus denique filius atque hæres instituitur."
Q. 19. What is required, &c.
"Requiritur in eo (adulto), et verus fidei usus, et vita professione Christiana, Baptismique voto digna: hoc est ut corde credat, et ore fidem confiteatur, utque peccatis mortificatis in vitæ ambulet novitate.
Proba sacræ Scripturæ testimoniis, quod Fides in Baptizato requiratur."
Q. 20. Why then are infants, &c.
"Sed quomodo infantes possunt credere, ut qui nondum usum habeant rationis?
His fides Ecclesiæ et susceptorum suffragatur, donec idonei fiant suo illam assensu percipere, adhæc et fidei gratiam in Baptismo ii consequuntur."
Q. 21. Why was the Sacrament, &c.
"Quur vero sacram Eucharistiam Christus instituit?
… Ut suæ passionis ac mortis recordemur, eamque annuntiemus perpetuò."
Q. 22. What is the outward, &c.
Q. 23. What is the inward, &c.
"Da paucis … signa et invisibilem gratiam.
In Eucharistia, Elementum est panis ac vini species: res autem, verum corpus, et verus Christi sanguis est, fructusque dignam sumptionem sequentes."
Q. 24. What are the benefits, &c.
"Jam recense paucis quinam fructus dignam Eucharistæ sumptionem sequantur?
Principio quidem virtute escæ hujus confirmamur in fide, munimur adversus peccata, ad bonorum operum studium excitamur, et ad charitatem inflammamur. Hinc vero per eam incorporamur adjungimurque capiti nostro Christo, ut unum cum ipso constituamus corpus," &c.
Q. 25. What is required, &c.
"Quonam pacto dignè sumitur Eucharistia?
Digna sumptio, omnium primum requirit, ut homo peccata sua agnoscat ex animo ob ea verè doleat—ac firmum etiam animo concipiat amplius non peccandi propositum. Deinde exigit etiam digna sumptio, ut communicaturus simultatem omnem odiumque animo eximat: reconcilietur læso, et charitatis contra viscera induat. Postremo vero et fides cum primis in sumente requiritur … ut credat corpus Christi pro se esse traditum mortem, et sanguinem ejus in remissionem peccatorum suorum vere effusum," &c.
I fear the unavoidable length of the previous extracts will be against the insertion of the full title of the book, and one remark. The title is,—
"Catechismus brevis et Catholicus in gratiam Juventutis conscriptus, Autore Iacobo Schœppero, Ecclesiasta Tremoniano. Cui accessit Pium diurnarum precum Enchiridion, ex quo pueri toto die cum Deo colloqui discant. Antverpiæ, apud Ioan. Bellerum ad insigne Falconis, 1555."
My remark is, that some of the coincidences above enumerated are at least singular, though they do not perhaps prove that the compiler of the Church Catechism, in the places referred to, had them before him.
B. H. C.
JACOB BOBART, ETC
(Vol. vii., p. 428.)
Of old Jacob Bobart, who originally came from Brunswick, Granger (Biog. Hist., vol. v. p. 287., edit. 1824) gives us the following account:
"Jacob Bobart, a German, whom Plot styles 'an excellent gardener and botanist,' was, by the Earl of Danby, founder of the physic-garden at Oxford, appointed the first keeper of it. He was author of Catalogus Plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis, scil. Latino-Anglicus et Anglico-Latinus: Oxon. 1648, 8vo. One singularity I have heard of him from a gentleman of unquestionable veracity, that on rejoicing days he used to have his beard tagged with silver. The same gentleman informed me, that there is a portrait of him in the possession of one of the corporation at Woodstock. He died the 4th of February, 1679, in the eighty-first year of his age. He had two sons, Tillemant and Jacob, who both belonged to the physic-garden. It appears that the latter succeeded him in his office."
There is a very fine print of the elder Bobart, now extremely scarce, "D. Loggan del., M. Burghers, sculp." It is a quarto of the largest size. Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this distich:
"Thou German prince of plants, each year to thee
Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy."
In John Evelyn's Diary, under the date Oct. 24, 1664, is the following entry:
"Next to Wadham, and the physic garden, where were two large locust-trees, and as many platani (plane-trees), and some rare plants under the culture of old Bobart."
The editor of the last edition, after repeating part of Granger's note, and mentioning the portrait, adds:
"There is a small whole-length in the frontispiece of Vertumnus, a poem on that garden. In this he is dressed in a long vest, with a beard. One of his family was bred up at college in Oxford; but quitted his studies for the profession of the whip, driving one of the Oxford coaches (his own property) for many years with great credit. In 1813 he broke his leg by an accident; and in 1814, from the respect he had acquired by his good conduct, he was appointed by the University to the place of one of the Esquire Beadles."
Vertumnus, the poem mentioned in the above note, was addressed to Mr. Jacob Bobart, in 1713, by Dr. Evans. It is a laudatory epistle on the botanical knowledge of the Bobarts; and we learn from it that Jacob, the younger, collected a Hortus Siccus (a collection of plants pasted upon paper, and kept dry in a book) in twenty volumes.
"Thy Hortus Siccus …
In tomes twice ten, that world immense!
By thee compiled at vast expense."
The broadsides about which H. T. Bobart inquires are of the greatest possible rarity. They were the production of Edmund Gayton, the author of Festivious Notes on Don Quixote, &c. Copies may be seen in the Ashmolean Library, under the press-marks Nos. 423. and 438., but I think not in any other repository of a like nature.
Among the Ashmolean MSS. (No. 36, art. 296.) is a poem of 110 lines "Upon the most hopeful and ever-flourishing Sprouts of Valour, the indefatigable Centrys of the Physick-Garden." This, I apprehend, is a MS. copy of the first broadside mentioned by your correspondent.
I shall merely add, the Bobarts, father and son, were personal friends of Ashmole and Ray, and that, in all probability, among their correspondence much curious and minute information might be obtained.
Edward F. Rimbault.
"ITS."
(Vol. vii., p. 510.)
I was somewhat surprised to find, in No. 186. of "N. & Q.," two instances quoted of the use of the word "its" in the version of the Bible. It has long been an established opinion that this word did not exist in it; and the fact has been recently referred to by two different authorities, Mr. Keightley in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 160., and Mr. Watts of the British Museum, in a paper "On some philological peculiarities in the English authorised Version of the Bible," read before the Philological Society on December 10, 1852.
Feeling curious on the subject, I have taken the trouble of referring to several different versions of the Bible in the British Museum, and the following variorum readings of the verses quoted by your correspondent B. H. C. are the result:
1. The Wickliffite version, before 1390 (edit. Forshall and Wadden):
"And he shal ben as a tree, that is plauntid beside the doun rennyngis of watris; that his frut shal ȝive in his time."—Ps. i. 3.
"Duke of the weie thou were in his (sc. the vine) siȝt; and thou plauntidist his rootis, and it fulfilde the erthe."—Ps. lxxx. 10.
2. Coverdale's Bible, 1536:
"Yt brīgeth forth his frute in due season."
"Thou maydest rowme for it, and caused it to take rote, so yt it fylled the lōde."
3. Matthews, 1537:
"That bryngeth forth his frute in due season."
"Thou madest rowme for it, and caused it to take rote, so that it fylled the lande."
4. Cranmer, 1539:
"Yt wyll brynge forth hys frute in due season."
"Thou madest rowme for it, and whan it had taken rote it fylled ye lande."
5. The Bishops' Bible, 1568:
"That bryngeth foorth her fruite in due season."
"Thou madst roome before it, thou causedst it to take roote, and it hath filled the lande."
6. Geneva Bible, 1578. In this there are two translations, one "according to the Ebrewe," the other "used in the Common Prayer":
i. "That wil bring forth her fruite in due season."
ii. "That will bring forth his fruite in due season."
i. "Thou madest roome for it, and when it had taken roote, it filled the lande."
ii. "Thou madest roume for it, and didest cause it to take roote, and it filled the land."
7. The Douay Bible (Roman Catholic version), 1609-10:
"Which shal geue his fruite in his time."
"Thou wast the guide of the way in the sight thereof; thou didst plant the rootes thereof, and it filled the earth."
8. Authorised version, 1611:
"That bringeth forth his fruit in his season."
"Thou preparedst roome before it, and didst cause it to take deepe roote, and it filled the land."
It will thus be perceived that "its" is wanting in all the above passages, and that "his," "her," and "thereof" invariably supply its place. I have been equally unsuccessful in detecting the word in the Common Prayer-Book version of the Psalms, which is well known to be that of the "Great Bible," or Cranmer's edition of 1539, and which has remained in use without alteration ever since. May I therefore ask B. H. C. to be so good as to point out the particular "Old version of the Psalms" from which he has derived his quotation?
W. B. Rye.
