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THE MIDDLE TEMPLE

In Mr. Frederick Devon's Pell Records, vol. iii. p. 34., there is an entry in the Issue Roll of Easter, 41 Henry III. 1257, of a payment.

"To the Brethren of the Middle Temple, £4. in part of £8. appointed alms for the support of three chaplains to celebrate divine service, at Easter Term, in the 41st year, by writ patent."

And in p. 88. is the following writ for payment at Easter Term, 4 Edward I. 1276:—

"Pay out of our Treasury, from the day of the death of the Lord King Henry, our Father, of renowned memory, for each year, to our beloved Master and Brethren of the Knights Templars in England, £8. which our father granted to them by his charter to be received yearly at our Exchequer, for the support of three chaplains, daily for ever, to perform divine service in the New Temple, London, one of whom is to perform service for our aforesaid father, the other for all Christian people, and the third for the faithful deceased, as was accustomed to be done in the time of our aforesaid father. Witness, &c."

I presume that there can be no doubt that the grant referred to in the last extract is that which is mentioned in the first. But if so, what is meant by "Brethren of the Middle Temple?"

Both entries are before the suppression of the order, and it was not till long after the suppression that the Temple was occupied by the lawyers as a place of study; nor till long after the establishment of lawyers there, that is to say, more than a hundred years after the date of the first extract, that the Temple was divided into two houses, called, as now, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple. Added to which, the church of the Temple is in that division which is called the Inner Temple.

Can any of your correspondents favour me with the precise words of the original record, or explain the meaning of the term used?

EDWARD FOSS.

MINOR QUERIES

Henry Lord Darnley.

Can any of your readers inform me where the celebrated Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, was born? His birth took place in England, where his father, Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, was residing, being banished from Scotland. Henry VIII. gave the Earl his niece in marriage, and several estates in Yorkshire; among others, the lands of Jervaux Abbey, and the adjacent manor of West Scrafton. Middleham Castle, which was then perfect, and belonged to the King, lies between these, and was probably at least an occasional residence of the Earl, though we have no correct account of its occupants after the death of Richard III.

W.G.M.J. Barker.

Banks of the Yere, Nov. 28. 1849.

Coffee, the Lacedaemonion Black Broth.

Your "notes on Coffee" in No. 2. reminded me that I had read in some modern author a happy conjecture that "coffee" was the principal ingredient of the celebrated "Lacedaemonian black broth," but as I did not "make a note of it" at the time, and cannot recollect the writer from whom I derived this very probable idea, I may perhaps be allowed to "make a query" of his name and work.

R.O.

Eton, Nov. 26. 1849.

Letters of Mrs. Chiffinch.

The Chafins, of Chettle, in Dorsetshire, possessed at one time some interesting family memorials. In the third volume of Hutchins's Dorset, pp. 166, 167., are printed two or three letters of Thomas Chafin on the battle of Sedgemoor. In a manuscript note, Hutchins alludes to letters, written by a female member of the family, which contain some notices of the court of Charles II. Can your Dorsetshire correspondents inform me whether these letters exist? I suspect that the lady was wife of the notorious Chiffinch; and she must have seen and heard strange things. The letters may be worthless, and it is possible that the family might object to a disclosure of their contents. The manuscript memorandum is in Gough's copy of the History of Dorset in the Bodleian Library.

J.F.M.

Sangred—Dowts of Holy Scripture.

In the will of John Hedge, of Bury St. Edmund's, made in 1504, is this item:—

"I beqweth to the curat of the seid church iiijs. iiijd. for a sangred to be prayed for in the bedroule for my soule and all my good ffrends soulls by the space of a yeer complete."

In the same year Thomas Pakenham, of Ixworth Thorpe, bequeathed 6 hives of bees to the sepulchre light, "to pray for me and my wyffe in y'e comon sangered;" and in 1533, Robert Garad, of Ixworth, bequeathed to the high altar ijs. "for halfe a sangred."

Can any of your reader explain what the sangred is? or give me any information about the book referred to in the following extract from the will of William Place, Master of St. John's Hospital, Bury St. Edmund's, made in 1504:—

"Item. I beqweth to the monastery of Seynt Edmund forseid my book of the dowts of Holy Scryptur, to ly and remain in the cloyster," &c.

BURIENSIS.

Catsup, Catchup, or Ketchup.

Will any of your philological readers be so obliging as to communicate any note he may have touching the original or definition of the word Catchup?

It does not appear in Johnson's Dictionary. Mr. Todd, in his edition, inserts it with an asterisk, denoting it as a new introduction, and under Catsup says, see Catchup. Under this latter word he says—"Sometimes improperly written Ketchup, a poignant liquor made from boiled mushrooms, mixed with salt, used in cooking to add a pleasant flavour to sauces." He gives no derivation of the word itself, and yet pronounces the very common way of spelling it improper.

What reference to, or connexion with, mushrooms has the word?—and why Catsup, with the inference that it is synonymous with Catchup?

G.

"Let me make a Nation's Ballads, who will may make their Laws!"

One perpetually hears this exclamation attributed to different people. In a magazine which I took up this morning, I find it set down to "a certain orator of the last century;" a friend who is now with me, tells me that it was unquestionably the saying of the celebrated Lord Wharton; and I once heard poor Edward Irving, in a sermon, quote it as the exclamation of Wallace, or some other Scottish patriot. Do relieve my uncertainty, and, for the benefit of our rising orator, tell us to whom the saying ought to be set down.

C.U.B.E.R.

To endeavour Oneself.

In the Collect for the 2nd Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the Confirmation Service, and in the form of Ordering of priest, the verb "endeavour" takes (clearly, I think) a middle-voice form, "to endeavour one's self." Is there any other authority for this usage? No dictionary I have seen recognises it.

G.P.

Date of the Anonymous Ravennas.

Can you inform me of the date of the Chorographia Britanniæ Anonymi Ravennatis?

W.C.

[This is a very difficult question. We should be glad to hear any of our correspondents upon the subject.]

The Battle of Towton.

The "Note" on the battle-field of Sedgemoor, induces a "Query" concerning another equally celebrated locality.

It is well known in the neighbourhood, that the field of Towton, at least that part of it which is now, and, according to tradition, has remained pasture since the days of the wars of York and Lancaster, produces two species of roses, which grow in stunted patches throughout its extent. Has their presence ever been noticed or accounted for? If we again allow tradition to give its evidence, we are told they were planted on the graves of the fallen combatants.

PETER H. JENNINGS.

Tadcaster.

A Peal of Bells.

Mr. Editor,—The following question was put to me by a clergyman and a scholar, who, like myself, takes an interest in the subject of Bells. At first sight I fancied that a satisfactory answer could easily be given: but I found that I was mistaken, and I shall be very glad if any of your correspondents will favour me with a solution of the difficulty.

Can you define what is a Peal? Of course we know what is meant by a Peal of Bells, and to ring a Peal; but I want it defined as to duration, mode of ringing it, &c. &c. None of the old writers explain what they mean by ringing a Peal.

ALFRED GATTY.

Ecclesfield Vicarage, Dec. 11. 1849.

Lines quoted by Goethe.

If any of your readers can inform me who is the author of the following lines, quoted by Goethe in his Autobiography, he will greatly oblige me:—

 
"Then old age and experience, hand in hand,
Lead him to death, and make him understand,
After a search so painful and so long,
That all his life he has been in the wrong."
 

TREBOR.

King's College, Dec. 8. 1849.

MS. Sermons by Jeremy Taylor.

I venture to send you the following note, as embodying a query, which I am sure deserves, if possible, to be answered.

"Southey, Omniana, i. 251. Coleridge asserts (Literary Remains, i. 303.), that there is now extent, in MS., a folio volume of unprinted sermons by Jeremy Taylor. It would be very interesting to learn in what region of the world so great a treasure has been suffered to rust during a hundred and fifty years."—Willmott's Life of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, p. 87.

OXONIENSIS.

Papers of John Wilkes.

John Wilkes, it is well known, sent to the newspapers copies of Lord Weymouth's and Lord Barrington's Letters respecting the riots in St. George's Fields in 1768. We Can easily conjecture how he did or how he might have, got possession of a copy of Weymouth's Letter, which was addressed to the magistrates of Surrey; but Barrington's letter was strictly official, and directed to the "Field officers, in staff waiting, for the three regiments of Foot Guards." Has the circumstance ever been explained? If so, where? Can any of your readers inform me the exact date of the first publication of Barrington's Letter in the newspaper? Is it not time that Wilkes' Letters and MSS. were deposited in some of our public libraries? They would throw light on many obscure points of history. They were left by Miss Wilkes to Mr. Elmsley, "to whose judgement and delicacy" she confided them. They were subsequently, I believe, in the legal possession of his son, the Principal of St. Alban's; but really of Mr. Hallam.

W.

John Ross Mackay.

The following is from a work lately published, Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange, by John Francis:—

"'The Peace of 1763,' said John Ross Mackay, Private Secretary to the Earl of Bute, and afterwards Treasurer to the Ordnance, 'was carried through and approved by pecuniary distribution.'"

Will Mr. Francis, or any of your contributors, inform me where I can find the original statement?

D.