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487. 1. Podiceps cristatus, Lath. Crested Grebe

Plate CCXCII. Male and Female.

Male with the bill about the length of the head, rather slender, blackish-brown, tinged with carmine; feet greenish-black, tinged with greyish-blue; tail of fourteen feathers; two tufts of elongated feathers on the occiput, and a large frill on the sides and anterior part of the neck; upper part of head and tufts greyish-black, tinged with green, as is the hind part of the ruff, its anterior part being brownish-red; sides of the head and throat white; fore neck white, tinged with brown; breast silvery-white, sides reddish-brown, with dusky streaks; upper parts brownish-black, the feathers edged with lighter, the sides of the neck tinged with reddish, as is the rump; wing-coverts greyish-brown; primary quills brownish-black, middle secondaries, inner webs of their coverts, and outer webs of outer scapulars, white. Female with the occipital feathers a little elongated, but without the ruff; bill dusky green, upper part of head and hind neck blackish-grey; back and wings as in the male, but more tinged with grey; lower parts silvery-white, the sides dusky.

Male, 24, 33.

Not uncommon during autumn and early spring on all the larger streams of the Western Country, as well as on the coast of the Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Texas. Breeds in the mountainous parts of the Fur Countries, Rocky Mountains, and high latitudes. Migratory.

Podiceps cristatus, Bonap. Syn. p. 417.

Podiceps cristatus, Crested Grebe, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 410.

Crested Grebe or Gannet, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 250.

Crested Grebe, Podiceps cristatus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 598.

488. 2. Podiceps rubricollis, Lath. Red-necked Grebe

Plate CCXCVIII. Adult Male, and Young in winter.

Male with the bill about the length of the head, rather slender, brownish-black, yellow at the base; tarsi and toes greenish-black externally, yellow on the inner side; two tufts of elongated feathers behind the eye; feathers on the hind part of the cheeks also elongated; upper part of head greyish-black, lower part ash-grey, with a white line from the base of the lower mandible to beyond the eye; hind part of neck, and upper parts generally, greyish-black, the feathers edged with paler; edges of wings and outer secondaries white; fore part and sides of neck rich brownish-red; breast and sides silvery-white, faintly marked with grey. Young, in winter, with the bill bright yellow, its ridge dusky; feet as in the adult; upper part of head blackish-grey; hind neck and upper parts of the same colour, darker towards the end; edge of wing and outer secondaries greyish-white, the latter grey towards the end; lower parts greyish-white.

Male, 183/4, 32.

During winter, not uncommon from New York to Maine. Breeds in the Fur Countries. Accidental in the interior.

Podiceps rubricollis, Bonap. Syn. p. 417.

Podiceps rubricollis, Red-necked Grebe, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 411.

Red-necked Grebe, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 253.

Red-necked Grebe, Podiceps rubricollis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 617; v. v. p. 620.

489. 3. Podiceps cornutus, Linn. Horned Grebe

Plate CCLIX. Male and Female.

Male with the bill shorter than the head, rather slender, bluish-black, its tip yellow; feet dusky externally, dull yellow internally; a tuft of feathers on each side behind the eyes, a larger tuft on each side of the upper part of the neck; forehead greyish-brown; upper part of head bluish-black, as are the sides, fore neck anteriorly, and the ruff-feathers; a broad band over the eyes, and the elongated tufts behind them yellowish-brown; fore neck brownish-red; lower parts white, the sides reddish-brown, abdomen dull grey; upper parts brownish-black, the feathers edged with greyish, the middle secondary quills white. Young, in winter, with the feathers of the hind head a little elongated, but no tufts or ruff; bill bluish-grey, as are the feet; upper part of head and hind neck greyish-black, as are the upper parts in general, the feathers of the back edged with light grey; throat, sides of head, a broad patch on each side of the neck, nearly meeting behind, the fore neck and lower parts, white; sides and downy feathers of the abdomen brownish-grey; some of the secondaries white, as in the adult.

Male, 143/4, 251/2.

Very common during autumn on the Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and all their tributaries, as well as in all the Atlantic Districts, to Texas. Breeds from the Great Lakes to the Fur Countries. Migratory.

Podiceps cornutus, Bonap. Syn. p. 417.

Podiceps cornutus, Horned Grebe, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 411.

Horned Grebe or Dobchick, Nutt. Man. v. ii. 254.

Horned Grebe, Podiceps cornutus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 429; v. v. p. 423.

490. 4. Podiceps auritus, Lath. Eared Grebe

Plate CCCCIV. Adult and Young.

Male with the bill considerably shorter than the head, rather stout, bluish-black; feet dusky grey externally, greenish-grey on the inner side; a tuft of very long loose feathers on each side of the head, behind the eye and covering the ears, orange; head and neck all round deep black; upper parts brownish-black, the wings greyish-brown, with a broad patch of white, the secondary quills being of that colour; lower parts silvery-white, except the sides of the body and rump, which are light red. Young, in autumn, with the tufts not developed; the upper part brownish-black, the neck tinged with grey behind, the secondary quills white; throat, and a broad band curving behind the ear so as almost to meet the other on the nape, greyish-white; neck light brownish-grey in front; lower parts of the body and rump dusky grey.

Adult 13, wing 58/12.

Very rare, and not found by me in America.

Eared Dobchick or Grebe, Podiceps auritus, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 256.

Eared Grebe, Podiceps auritus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 108.

491. 5. Podiceps Carolinensis, Lath. Pied-billed Dobchick

Plate CCXLVIII. Male and Female.

Male with the bill shorter than the head, stout, deep, compressed, pale blue, the upper mandible dusky along the ridge, the lower with a black band beyond the middle; feet greyish-black; feathers on the forehead with stiff enlarged shafts, as in the Rails; upper part of the head and the throat black; neck and sides of the head light greyish-brown; stiff edges of the feathers on the lower parts of the neck greyish-yellow; back brownish-black, as are the inner secondaries; outer secondaries light brown, with a reddish-white spot on the end of the inner web; primaries light brown, dusky at the end; breast silvery-white, abdomen brownish-grey, the sides mottled with greyish-brown. Female without the black band on the bill, or the black patch on the throat, but otherwise nearly similar. Young of both sexes like the female.

Male, 14, 23.

Extremely common in autumn on all our Western streams, as well as those of the Atlantic Districts. In winter in the Southern States, as far as Texas. Breeds on the Wabash, and other streams of the interior, to Maine. Migratory.

Podiceps carolinensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 418.

Podiceps carolinensis, Pied-bill Grebe, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 412.

Pied-bill Dobchick, Podiceps carolinensis, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 259.

Pied-bill Dobchick, Podiceps carolinensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 359; v. v. p. 624.