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Darwin imagined grandly, and verified his imaginings as far as one man’s life suffices; and no man can do more. And Darwin won, as far as a man can win, success during his lifetime. As Professor Huxley said, in lecturing on “The Coming of Age of ‘The Origin of Species,’” “the foremost men of science in every country are either avowed champions of its leading doctrines, or at any rate abstain from opposing them.” His prescience has in less than a generation been justified by the discovery of intermediate fossil forms of animals too numerous to be here recounted. The break between vertebrate and invertebrate animals, between flowering and non-flowering plants, between animal and plant, is now bridged over by discoveries in the life histories of animals and plants which exist to-day. Embryo animals and plants are now known to go through stages which repeat and condense the upward ascent of life; and they give us information of the greatest value as to lost stages in the path. We can, as it were, see the actual track through which evolution may have proceeded. “Thus,” says Professor Huxley, “if the doctrine of evolution had not existed, palæontologists must have invented it, so irresistibly is it forced upon the mind by the study of the remains of the Tertiary mammalia which have been brought to light since 1859;” and again, “so far as the animal world is concerned, evolution is no longer a speculation, but a statement of historical fact.”

As to the limits of the truth of Darwin’s theory, Professor Huxley, writing on “Evolution in Biology,” in “The Encyclopædia Britannica,” says: “How far natural selection suffices for the production of species remains to be seen. Few can doubt that, if not the whole cause, it is a very important factor in that operation; and that it must play a great part in the sorting out of varieties into those which are transitory, and those which are permanent. But the causes and conditions of variation have yet to be thoroughly explored; and the importance of natural selection will not be impaired, even if further inquiries should prove that variability is definite, and is determined in certain directions rather than in others, by conditions inherent in that which varies.”

We have not space to describe the importance of the work Darwin did in, or bearing on, entomology, changing its face and vastly elevating its importance. A volume might be compiled from his writings on this subject, as reference to Professor Riley’s excellent summary (Darwin Memorial Meeting, Washington, 1882) will readily show. Nor can we recount his important work in other branches of biology further than has been already done in the foregoing pages. To do so would require much more than a volume of this size.

One special department may perhaps claim notice on the ground of its supposed non-scientific character. Dr. Masters (Gardeners’ Chronicle, April 22, 1882) says of Darwin’s service to horticulture: “Let any one who knows what was the state of botany in this country even so recently as fifteen or twenty years ago, compare the feeling between botanists and horticulturists at that time with what it is now. What sympathy had the one for the pursuits of the other? The botanist looked down on the varieties, the races, and strains, raised with so much pride by the patient skill of the florist as on things unworthy of his notice and study. The horticulturist, on his side, knowing how very imperfectly plants could be studied from the mummified specimens in herbaria, which then constituted in most cases all the material that the botanist of this country considered necessary for the study of plants, naturally looked on the botanist somewhat in the light of a laborious trifler… Darwin altered all this. He made the dry bones live; he invested plants and animals with a history, a biography, a genealogy, which at once conferred an interest and a dignity on them. Before, they were as the stuffed skin of a beast in the glass case of a museum; now they are living beings, each in their degree affected by the same circumstances that affect ourselves, and swayed, mutatis mutandis, by like feelings and like passions. If he had done nothing more than this we might still have claimed Darwin as a horticulturist; but as we shall see, he has more direct claims on our gratitude. The apparently trifling variations, the variations which it was once the fashion for botanists to overlook, have become, as it were, the keystone of a great theory.”

A valuable summary of Darwin’s influence on general philosophic thought has been given by Mr. James Sully, in his article, “Evolution in Philosophy,” in “The Encyclopædia Britannica,” 9th ed., vol. viii. He, like many other thinkers, considers that Darwin has done much to banish old ideas as to the evidence of purpose in nature. Mr. Sully’s views are not entirely shared, however, by Professor Winchell, an able American evolutionist (“Encyclopædia Americana,” vol. ii.) who considers that the question of teleology, or of purpose in nature, is not really touched by the special principle of natural selection, nor by the general doctrine of evolution. The mechanical theorist may, consistently with these doctrines, maintain that every event takes place without a purpose; while the teleologist, or believer in purpose, may no less consistently maintain that the more orderly and uniform we find the succession of events, the more reason is there to presume that a purposeful intelligence is regulating them. It is certainly impossible to show that the whole system of evolution does not exist for a purpose. The ranks of the evolutionists, and even of the Darwinians, as a fact, embrace believers in the most diverse systems of philosophy, including many of those who accept Christ’s teaching as an authoritative Divine revelation. May not this diversity among Darwinians itself teach hope? Darwinism is held with vital grip and will therefore not become a dead creed, a fossil formula. The belief that every generation is a step in progress to a higher and fuller life contains within it the promise of a glorious evolution which is no longer a faint hope, but a reasoned faith.

 
  “Man’s thought is like Antæus, and must be
Touched to the ground of Nature to regain
Fresh force, new impulse, else it would remain
Dead in the grip of strong Authority.
But, once thereon reset, ’tis like a tree,
Sap-swollen in spring-time: bonds may not restrain;
Nor weight repress; its rootlets rend in twain
Dead stones and walls and rocks resistlessly.
 
 
Thine then it was to touch dead thoughts to earth,
Till of old dreams sprang new philosophies,
From visions systems, and beneath thy spell
Swiftly uprose, like magic palaces, —
Thyself half-conscious only of thy worth —
Calm priest of a tremendous oracle.”¹³
 

Here let us leave Charles Darwin; a marvellously patient and successful revolutioniser of thought; a noble and beloved man.

THE END

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BY JOHN P. ANDERSON

(British Museum)

I. Works.

II. Miscellaneous Writings.

III. Appendix – Biography, Criticism, etc. Magazine Articles.

IV. Chronological List of Works.

I. WORKS

Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the Southern Shores of South America, and the Beagle’s circumnavigation of the globe. [With appendices and addenda.] 3 vols. London, 1839, 8vo.

Vol. iii. is the “Journal and Remarks, 1832-1836,” by Charles Darwin. The appendix to vol. ii. has a distinct title-page and pagination. Some copies of this work were issued in 2 vols., the third being complete in itself, and sold separately with the title “Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., from 1832 to 1836. By Charles Darwin, Esq.,” etc.

Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N. Second edition, corrected, with additions. (Murray’s Colonial and Home Library.) London, 1845, 8vo.

This has been reprinted with a new title-page reading, “A Naturalist’s Voyage Round the World, etc.”

The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain R. Fitzroy, during the years 1832-36. Edited and superintended by C. D. Part i., Fossil Mammalia, by R. Owen. (Part ii., Mammalia, described by G. R. Waterhouse, with a notice of their habits and ranges by C. D. Part iii., Birds, described by J. Gould, with a notice of their habits and ranges by C. D., with an anatomical appendix by T. C. Eyton. Part iv., Fish, described by L. Jenyns. Part v., Reptiles, described by T. Bell.) 5 parts. London, 1840-39-43, 4to.

The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs. Being the first part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, 1832 to 1836. London, 1842, 8vo.

Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices on the Geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, etc. London, 1844, 8vo.

Geological Observations on South America. Being the third part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, etc. London, 1846, 8vo.

The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, by C. D. With three plates. Second edition, revised. London, 1874, 8vo.

Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands and parts of South America, visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, by C. D. Second edition, with maps and illustrations. London, 1876, 8vo.

A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadidæ or Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain. (Palæontographical Society.) London, 1851, 4to.

A Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. (Ray Society.) 2 vols. London, 1851-54, 8vo.

A Monograph of the Fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of Great Britain. (Palæontographical Society.) London, 1854, 4to.

On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. By C. D. London, 1859, 8vo.

– Fifth thousand. London, 1860, 8vo.

– Third edition, with additions and corrections. London, 1861, 8vo.

– Fourth edition, with additions and corrections. London, 1866, 8vo.

– Fifth edition, with additions and corrections. London, 1869, 8vo.

– Sixth edition, with additions and corrections. London, 1872, 8vo.

On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are fertilised by Insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing. By C. D. With illustrations. London, 1862, 8vo.

– Second edition. With illustrations. London, 1877, 8vo.

The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants. By C. D. [From the Journal of the Linnean Society.] London, 1865, 8vo.

– Second edition, revised. With illustrations. London, 1875, 8vo.

The Variation of Animals and Plants under domestication, by C. D. With illustrations. 2 vols. London, 1868, 8vo.

– Second edition, revised. Fourth thousand. With illustrations. 2 vols. London, 1875, 8vo.

– Second edition, revised. Fifth thousand. With illustrations. 2 vols. London, 1885, 8vo.

The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex. By C. D. With illustrations. 2 vols. London, 1871, 8vo.

– Second edition, revised and augmented. Tenth thousand. London, 1874, 8vo.

– Second edition, revised and augmented. Seventeenth thousand. London, 1883, 8vo.

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. By C. D. With photographic and other illustrations. London, 1872, 8vo.

Insectivorous Plants. By C. D. With illustrations. London, 1875, 8vo.

The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom. By C. D. London, 1876, 8vo.

The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the same Species. By C. D. With illustrations. London, 1877, 8vo.

The Power of Movement in Plants. By C. D., assisted by Francis Darwin. With illustrations. London, 1880, 8vo.

The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with observations on their habits. By C. D. With illustrations. London, 1881, 8vo.

– Fifth thousand (corrected). London, 1881, 8vo.

– Sixth thousand (corrected). London, 1882, 8vo.

II. MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS

For private distribution. The following pages contain extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow by C. Darwin, Esq., printed for private distribution among the Members of the Cambridge Philosophical Society in consequence of the geological notices which they contain, etc. [Cambridge, 1835.] 8vo.

Note sur la découverte de quelques Ossemens Fossiles dans l’Amérique du Sud.

Annal. Sci. Nat. 2nd Ser. (Zoology). Tom. vii., 1837, pp. 319, 320.

Notes upon the Rhea Americana.

Zool. Soc. Proc., vol. v., 1837, pp. 35, 36.

Remarks upon the Habits of the Genera Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Cactornis, and Certhidea of Gould.

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 49.

Sur trois Espèces du Genre Felis.

L’Institut. Tom. vi., 1838, No. 235, pp. 210, 211.

On the formation of Mould (1837).

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. ii., 1838, pp. 574-576;

Geol. Soc. Trans., vol. v., 1840, pp. 505-510;

Froriep, Notizen. Bd. vi., 1838, col. 180-183.

Observations of proofs of recent elevation on the Coast of Chili, made during the survey of H.M.S. “Beagle,” commanded by Capt. Fitzroy (1837).

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol ii., 1838, pp. 446-449.

A sketch of the deposits containing extinct Mammalia in the neighbourhood of the Plata (1837).

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. ii., 1838, pp. 542-544;

Ann. Sci. Nat. Tom. vii., (Zool.) 1837, pp. 319, 320.

On certain areas of elevation and subsidence in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as deduced from the study of coral formations (1837).

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. ii., 1838, pp. 552-554;

Froriep, Notizen. Bd. iv., 1838, col. 100-103.

Geological Notes made during a survey of the East and West Coasts of South America in the years 1832, 1833, 1834, and 1835; with an account of a transverse section of the Cordilleras of the Andes between Valparaiso and Mendoza.

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. ii., 1838, pp. 210-212.

Origin of saliferous deposits. Salt Lakes of Patagonia and La Plata.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. ii. (pt. 2), 1838, pp. 127, 128.

On the connexion of certain volcanic phenomena, and on the formation of mountain chains, and the effects of continental elevations.

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. ii., 1838, pp. 654-660;

Geol. Soc. Trans., vol. v., 1840, pp. 601-632;

Poggendorff, Annal. Bd. lii., 1841, pp. 484-496.

Monographia Chalciditum, by Francis Walker. (Vol. ii., Species collected by C. Darwin.) London, 1839, 8vo.

Note on a rock seen on an iceberg in 16° South Latitude.

Geog. Soc. Jour., vol. ix., 1839, pp. 528, 529.

Ueber die Luftschifferei der Spinnen.

Froriep, N. Not. Bd. lxxvii., No. 222, 1839, pp. 23, 24.

Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of Lochaber in Scotland, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin.

Phil. Trans., 1839, pp. 39-82;

Edinb. New Phil. Jour., vol. xxvii., 1839, pp. 395-403.

On a remarkable bar of Sandstone off Pernambuco, on the coast of Brazil.

Phil. Mag., vol. xix., 1841, pp. 257-260.

Notes on the effects produced by the ancient glaciers of Caernarvonshire, and on the Boulders transported by floating ice.

Edinb. New Phil. Jour., vol. xxxiii., 1842, pp. 352, 353.

On the distribution of the erratic boulders, and on the contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America (1841).

Geol. Soc. Proc., vol. iii., 1842, pp. 425-430;

Geol. Soc. Trans., vol. vi., 1842, pp. 415-432.

The structure and distribution of Coral Reefs.

Geog. Soc. Jour., vol. xii., 1842, pp. 115-119;

Poggendorff, Annal. Bd. lxiv., 1845, pp. 563-613;

Edinb. New Phil. Jour., vol. xxxiv., 1843, pp. 47-50.

Observations on the structure and propagation of the genus Sagitta.

Ann. Nat. Hist. Tom. xiii., 1844, pp. 1-6;

Ann. Sc. Nat. (Zool.) Tom. i., 1844, pp. 360-365;

Froriep, Notizen. Bd. xxx., 1844, col. 1-6.

Brief descriptions of several Terrestrial Planariæ and of some remarkable Marine species, with an account of their habits.

Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv., 1844, pp. 241-251.

An Account of the Fine Dust which often falls on vessels in the Atlantic Ocean.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. ii., 1846, pp. 26-30.

On the Geology of the Falkland Islands.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. ii., 1846, pp. 267-274.

On the Transportal of Erratic Boulders from a lower to a higher level.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. iv., 1848, pp. 315-323.

A Manual of Scientific Inquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty’s Navy, and travellers in general. Edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel. London, 1849, 8vo.

This work, which has run through several editions, consists of a series of papers by various writers. Charles Darwin wrote “Geology,” pp. 156-195.

On British Fossil Lepadidæ.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. vi., 1850, pp. 439, 440.

Analogy of the structure of some Volcanic Rocks with that of Glaciers.

Edinb. Royal Soc. Proc. vol. ii., 1851, pp. 17, 18.

On the power of icebergs to make rectilinear uniformly-directed grooves across a submarine undulatory surface.

Phil. Mag., vol. x., 1855, pp. 96-98.

On the action of Sea-water on the germination of Seeds (1856).

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. i., 1857 (Bot.), pp. 130-140.

On the agency of Bees in the Fertilisation of Papilionaceous Flowers, and on the crossing of Kidney Beans.

Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. ii., 1858, pp. 459-465;

Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1857, pp. 725, and 1858, pp. 824, 844.

On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. By C. D. and Alfred Wallace.

Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol iii., 1859, pp. 45-62.

On the variation of organic beings in a state of nature; on the natural means of selection; on the comparison of domestic races and true species.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol iii., 1859, (Zool.) pp. 46-53;

Halle, Zeitschr. Gesell. Nat. Bd. xvi., 1860, pp. 425-459.

Fertilisation of Vincas.

Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1861, pp. 552, 831, 832.

On the Two Forms, or Dimorphic Condition, in the species of Primula, and, on their remarkable Sexual Relations.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. vi., 1862 (Bot.), pp. 77-96.

On the three remarkable sexual forms of Catasetum tridentatum, an Orchid in the possession of the Linnean Society.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. vi., 1862 (Bot.), pp. 151-157.

Observations sur l’hétéromorphisme des fleurs et ses conséquences pour fécondation.

Annal. Sci. Nat. Tom. xix., 1863, (Bot.) pp. 204-255.

On the thickness of the Pampean formation, near Buenos Ayres.

Geol. Soc. Jour., vol. xix., 1863, pp. 68-71.

On the existence of two forms, and on their reciprocal sexual relation, in several species of the genus Linum.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. vii. (Bot.), 1863, pp. 69-83.

On the so-called “Auditory sac” of Cirripedes.

Nat. Hist. Review, 1863, pp. 115, 116.

On the sexual relations of the three forms of Lythrum Salicaria (1864).

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. viii., 1865, (Bot.) pp. 169-196;

Archives Sci. Phys. Nat. Tom. xxiii., 1865, pp. 69-72.

On the movements and habits of Climbing Plants (1865).

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. ix., 1867, (Bot.) pp. 1-118;

Flora, vol. xlix., 1866, pp. 241-252, 273-282, 321-325, 337-345, 375-378, 385-398.

Queries about Expression for Anthropological Inquiry.

Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1867, p. 324.

Note on the Common Broom (Cytisus Scoparius).

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol ix., 1867 (Bot.), p. 358.

On the character and hybrid-like nature of the offspring from the illegitimate unions of dimorphic and trimorphic plants.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. x., 1869 (Bot.), pp. 393-437.

On the specific difference between Primula veris, Brit. Fl. (var. officinalis, Linn.), P. vulgaris, Brit. Fl. (var. acaulis, Linn.) and P. elatior, Jacq. and on the hybrid nature of the common Oxlip. With supplementary remarks on naturally-produced hybrids in the genus Verbascum.

Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. x., 1869 (Bot.), pp. 437-454.

De la variation des animaux et des plantes sous l’action de la domestication. (Transl.)

Archives Sci. Phys. Nat. Tom. xxxiv., 1869, pp. 41-66.

The Fertilisation of Winter-flowering Plants.

Nature, vol. i., 1869, p. 85.

Notes on the Fertilisation of Orchids.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. iv., 1869, pp. 141-159.

Note on the habits of the Pampas Woodpecker: Colaptes campestris.

Zool. Soc. Proc., 1870, pp. 705, 706.

Pangenesis.

Nature, vol. iii., 1871, pp. 502, 503.

Fertilisation of Leschenaultia.

Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1871, p. 1166.

Origin of certain Instincts.

Nature, vol. vii., 1873, pp. 417, 418.

On the males and complemental males of certain Cirripedes, and on rudimentary structures.

Nature, vol. viii., 1873, pp. 431-433.

Perception in the lower animals.

Zoologist, vol. viii., 1873, pp. 3488-3489;

Nature, vol. vii., 1878, p. 360.

Fertilisation of the Fumariaceæ.

Nature, vol. ix., 1874, p. 460.

Flowers of the Primrose destroyed by birds.

Nature, vol. ix., 1874, p. 482; vol. x., p. 24.

Sexual Selection in relation to Monkeys.

Nature, vol. xv., 1876, pp. 18, 19.

Testimonial to Mr. Darwin. Evolution in the Netherlands. Letter of Mr. Darwin.

Nature, vol. xv., 1877, pp. 410-412.

A Biographical Sketch of an Infant.

Mind, vol. ii. (No. 7, July 1877), pp. 285-294.

Les Débuts de l’intelligence; Esquisse biographique d’un petit enfant, Revue Scientifique, tom. 13, 1877, pp. 25-29.

The Contractile Filaments of the Teasel.

Nature, vol. xvi., 1877, p. 339.

Fritz Müller on Flowers and Insects.

Nature, vol. xvii., 1877, p. 78.

Note on Fertilisation of Plants.

Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1877, p. 246.

Transplantation of Shells.

Nature, vol. xviii., 1878, p. 120.

Flowers and their unbidden guests, from the German of Dr. A. Kerner. With a prefatory letter by C. D. London, 1878, 8vo.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas. With a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London, 1879, 8vo.

Originally appeared in “Kosmos.” Charles Darwin wrote the life, pp. 1-127 for the English edition, which on the publication of the work in book form in Germany (1880) was translated and appears in that edition, pp. 1-72. A copy of this work in the Library of the British Museum contains MS. Notes by Samuel Butler.

Fritz Müller on a Frog having Eggs on its back: on the Abortion of the Hairs on the Legs of certain Caddis Flies, etc.

Nature, vol. xix., 1879, pp. 462-464.

Rats and Water Casks.

Nature, vol. xix., 1879, p. 481.

Fertility of Hybrids from the Common and Chinese Goose.

Nature, vol. xxi., 1880, p. 207.

The Sexual Colours of certain Butterflies.

Nature, vol. xxi., 1880, p. 237.

The Omari Shell Mounds.

Nature, vol. xxi., 1880, pp. 561, 562.

Sir Wyville Thomson on Natural Selection.

Nature, vol. xxiii., 1880, p. 32.

Black Sheep.

Nature, vol. xxiii., 1880, p. 103.

Movements of Plants.

Nature, vol. xxiii., 1881, p. 409.

Mr. Darwin on Vivisection.

Nature, vol. xxiii., 1881, p. 583.

The Movements of Leaves.

Nature, vol. xxiii., 1881, pp. 603, 604.

Inheritance.

Nature, vol. xxiv., 1881, p. 257.

Leaves injured at night by free radiation.

Nature, vol. xxiv., 1881, p. 459.

On the Bodily and Mental Development of Infants.

Nature, vol. xxiv., 1881, p. 565.

Studies in the Theory of Descent, by August Weismann. Translated and edited by K. Meldola, with a prefatory notice by Charles Darwin. 3 pts., London, 1882, 8vo.

The parasitic habits of Molothrus.

Nature, vol. xxv., 1882, pp. 51, 52.

The action of Carbonate of Ammonia on the roots of certain plants.

Linn. Soc. Jour. (Bot.), vol. xix., 1882, pp. 239-261; abstract by Mr. Francis Darwin in Nature, vol. xxv., 1882, pp. 489-490.

The action of Carbonate of Ammonia on Chlorophyll Bodies.

Linn. Soc. Jour. (Bot.), vol. xix., 1882, pp. 262-284; abstract by Mr. Francis Darwin in Nature, vol. xxv., 1882, pp. 489, 490.

On the dispersal of freshwater bivalves.

Nature, vol. xxv., 1882, pp. 529, 530.

On the Modification of a Race of Syrian Street Dogs by means of Sexual Selection. By Dr. Van Dyck. With a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin.

Proc. of the Zool. Soc. of London, 1882, pp. 367-370.

Mental Evolution in Animals. By George John Romanes. With a posthumous essay on Instinct, by Charles Darwin. London, 1883, 8vo.

Mémoire inédit sur l’instinct.

Revue Scientifique, tom. vi., 1883, pp. 749, 750.

The Fertilisation of Flowers. By Prof. Hermann Mueller. Translated and edited by D’Arcy W. Thompson. With a preface by Charles Darwin. London, 1883, 8vo.

Notes on Parasites collected by C. D., by T. Spencer Cobbold.

Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zoology), vol. xix., 1885, pp. 174-178.

III. – APPENDIX

Biography, Criticism, etc

The European Literature upon Charles Darwin and his Works is so extensive that it is only possible to give a selection.

Adams, W. H. Davenport. – Master Minds in Art, Science, and Letters. London, 1886, 8vo.

Charles Darwin, with portrait, pp. 251-276.

Allen, Grant. – The Evolutionist at Large. [Reprinted from the St. James’s Gazette.] London, 1881, 8vo.

– English Worthies. Edited by Andrew Lang. Charles Darwin, by G. A. London, 1885, 8vo.

Argyll, Duke of. – The Reign of Law. London, 1867, 8vo.

References to Charles Darwin.

– The Unity of Nature. London, 1884, 8vo.

Numerous references to Charles Darwin.

Armstrong, R. A. – Modern Sermons. No. 3. Charles Darwin, by the Rev. R. A. Armstrong. Manchester [1885], 8vo.

Aveling, Edward B. – The Student’s Darwin. (International Library of Science and Freethought, vol. ii.) London, 1881, 8vo.

– Darwinism and Small Families. London, 1882, 8vo.

– The Religious Views of Charles Darwin. London, 1883, 8vo.

Baildon, Henry B. – The Spirit of Nature, being a series of interpretative essays on the history of matter from the atom to the flower. London, 1880, 8vo.

Balfour, Francis M. – A Treatise on Comparative Embryology, 2 vols. London, 1880-1, 8vo.

Bateman, Frederic. – Darwinism tested by language; with a preface by Edward Meyrick Goulburn, Dean of Norwich. London, 1877, 8vo.

Bennett, A. W. – The Theory of Natural Selection from a mathematical point of view. (Read before section D of the British Association, at Liverpool, Sept. 20, 1870.)

Bennett, D. M. – The World’s Sages, Infidels, and Thinkers. New York, 1876, 8vo.

Darwin, pp. 846-848.

Benson, Lawrence S. – Philosophic Reviews. Darwin answered; or, Evolution a myth, etc. New York, 1875, 8vo.

Bentham, George. – “Addresses of George Bentham, President, read at the meetings of the Linnean Society, 1862-1873.”

Berkeley, Hon. G. C. Grantley F. – Fact against Fiction. With some remarks on Darwin. 2 vols. London, 1874, 8vo.

Bernardo, D. di. – Il Darwinismo e le specie animali. Siena, 1881, 8vo.

Bianconi, J. Joseph. – La Théorie Darwinienne et la Création dite Indépendante. Bologne, 1874, 8vo.

Biological Society of Washington. – Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. With the addresses read on the occasion of the Darwin Memorial Meeting, May 12, 1882. Washington, 1882, 8vo.

With vol. xxv. of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. The addresses delivered on the occasion were —

Introductory by Theodore Gill;

Biographical Sketch by William H. Dall;

The Philosophic Bearings of Darwinism, by John W. Powell;

Darwin’s Investigations on the relation of Plants and Insects, by C. V. Riley;

Darwin as a Botanist, by L. F. Ward;

Darwin on Emotional Expression, by F. Baker;

a Darwinian Bibliography, by F. W. True.

Blind, Mathilde. – Shelley’s View of Nature contrasted with Darwin’s. London, 1886, 8vo.

Only 25 copies of this lecture were printed for private distribution.

Boase, Henry S. – A few words on Evolution and Creation, etc. London, 1832, 8vo.

Braubach, W. – Religion, Moral, und Philosophie der Darwin’schen Artlehre. Neuwied, 1869, 8vo.

Bree, C. R. – Species not Transmutable, nor the result of secondary causes. Being a critical examination of Mr. Darwin’s work entitled “Origin and Variation of Species.” London [1860], 8vo.

– An Exposition of Fallacies in the Hypothesis of Mr. Darwin. London, 1872, 8vo.

Büchner, Ludwig. – Sechs Vorlesungen über die Darwin’sche Theorie, etc. Leipzig, 1868, 8vo.

– Conférences sur la Théorie Darwinienne de la Transmutation des Espèces, etc. Leipzig, 1869, 8vo.

Butler, Samuel. – Evolution, old and new; or, the theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, and Lamarck, as compared with that of Mr. Charles Darwin. London, 1879, 8vo.

– Second edition. London, 1882, 8vo.

– Unconscious Memory, etc. London, 1880, 8vo.

– Luck or Cunning, as the main means of organic modification? An attempt to throw additional light upon the late Mr. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. London, 1887, 8vo.

Candolle, Alphonse de. – Histoire des Sciences et des Savants depuis deux Siècles, suivie d’autres études sur des sujets scientifiques, en particulier sur la Sélection dans l’Espèce Humaine. Genève, 1873, 8vo.

– Darwin considéré au point de vue des causes de son succès et de l’importance de ses travaux. Deuxième édition. Genève, 1882, 8vo.

Canestrini, Giovanni. – La Teoria dell’ Evoluzione esposta ne’ suoi fondamenti come introduzione alla lettura delle opere del Darwin e de’ suoi seguaci. Torino, 1877, 8vo.

Carlyle, Rev. Gavin. – The Battle of Unbelief. London, 1878, 8vo.

Darwinianism and Man, pp. 149-173.

Carneri, B. – Sittlichkeit und Darwinismus. Wien, 1871, 8vo.

Cartoon Portraits. – Cartoon Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Men of the Day. London, 1873, 4to.

C. R. Darwin, F.R.S., pp. 6 and 7.

Cattell, Charles C. – Is Darwinism Atheistic? (The Atheistic Platform, No. viii.) London, 1884, 8vo.

Celakovsky, Ladislav. – Uvahy Prirodovĕdecké o Darwinovĕ Theorii, etc. V Praze, 1877, 8vo.

Cleland, John. – Evolution, Expression, and Sensation, etc. Glasgow, 1881, 8vo.

Cobbe, Frances Power. – Darwinism in Morals, and other Essays. London, 1872, 8vo.

Collins, Mortimer. – Pen Sketches by a Vanished Hand; from the papers of the late Mortimer Collins. 2 vols. London, 1879, 8vo.

Darwinism, vol. ii., pp. 51-61.

Conn, H. W. – Evolution of To-day, etc. New York, 1886, 8vo.

Cook, Joseph. – Boston Monday Lectures. Heredity, etc. London, 1881, 8vo.

Darwin’s Theory of Pangenesis, pp. 59-79;

Darwin on the Origin of Conscience, pp. 80-99.