Die Gestalt Herodes, Königs der Juden, ist in der Geschichtsschreibung äußerst umstritten. Die einen bewundern seine staatsmännische Tüchtigkeit, den schwierigen Balanceakt zwischen der Wahrung jüdischer Interessen und dem Nachgeben gegenüber dem Anspruch Roms, und billigen ihm das seltene Prädikat «der Große» zu. Andere verurteilen den Gatten- und Kindermörder, der, allzu oft ein Opfer seiner ungezügelten Leidenschaften, grund- und wahllos nicht nur in seiner Familie wütete, und in den Augen seiner Kritiker nichts anderes als ein willfähriger «Römling» war.

Welcher Seite man sich auch zuneigen möchte, fest steht, dass Herodes' Umsicht und politischer Weitblick den Juden noch für eine Weile die Unabhängigkeit vom römischen Joch sicherten und das Ansehen Judäas in der alten Welt beträchtlich stärkten.

Für alle Zeiten bleibt sein Name mit dem Bau des großartigen Tempels verbunden, den er dem Gott seiner Untertanen stiftete und der die gesamte alte Welt in Staunen versetzte: 70 n. Chr. wurde er von Titus, dem nachmaligen Kaiser, dem Erdboden gleichgemacht.

Trotz allem war Herodes' Herrschaft am Ende zum Scheitern verurteilt. Zeitlebens blieb ihm die geistige Dimension der jüdischen Weltanschauung verschlossen. Ihm entging, dass man nicht gleichzeitig ein frommer Jude, ein Bewunderer des Hellenismus und ein guter Römer sein konnte. Darin liegt ein Großteil seiner persönlichen Tragik.

In dieser an ein breites Publikum gerichteten Biographie begegnet man einer faszinierenden Persönlichkeit, deren geschickte Politik bis in die Gegenwart fortwirkt und die es deshalb verdient, immer wieder erneut ins Bewusstsein der Nachwelt gerückt zu werden.

Von aktuellem Interesse ist Herodes auch deshalb, weil erst 2007 nach Jahrzehnte langer Suche sein Grab in Herodion in der Nähe von Jerusalem entdeckt wurde. Der Fund der letzten Ruhestätte einer biblischen Figur gilt als archäologische Sensation.

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