La obra de Pedro Lombardo (ca. 1090-1160), objeto del Comentario de Santo Tomás, ofrece un capital patrístico bien ordenado, que el Aquinate sigue desarrollando y superando en la segunda parte de este libro II. La primera parte, que llevaba por título La producción de las criaturas (d1-d20) trató de la creación, de los ángeles y del hombre. Esta segunda parte, La introducción del pecado en el mundo (d21-d44), trata del libre arbitrio y del pecado.

El presente volumen ofrece interesantes aspectos sistemáticos concernientes a las centrales doctrinas sobre el «mal». Cabe destacar dos temas: uno de contenido «metafísico», el bien y el mal en los seres (d34); otro de contenido «moral», la malicia y la bondad de los actos humanos (d40).

Distingue un doble orden de los actos humanos, el psicológico y el moral; expone el orden moral tanto en un sentido «genérico» como específico, quedando así definitivamente superada la posición de los teólogos anteriores que sólo enfocaban el acto exterior en cuanto pecaminoso; y subraya el motivo de la diferencia específica o esencial de la «bondad, malicia e indiferencia» que, tanto en el acto interno como en el externo, convienen en este género moral.

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