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Copyright
Thorsons
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London SE1 9GF
First published by Thorsons 2004
Copyright © Steve Jones 2004
Steve Jones asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
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Source ISBN: 9780007160747
Ebook Edition © JUNE 2016 ISBN: 9780008171537
Version: 2017-08-16
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the late Master Derek Jones
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following for their help and support in the writing of this book: Susanna Abbot and the team at Thorsons, Michael Alcock, my mother and father, Master Sun Li, all those who have and who continue to study and train with me, Bruce Thomas, Grant Headley, The Gurdjieff Society, and a special thank you to Ria Holzerlandt and Dr Norman Jones.
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgements
INTRODUCTION
PART ONE: MEDITATION
PART TWO: CHI KUNG
PART THREE: MARTIAL SCIENCE
PART FOUR: MARTIAL ART
IN CLOSING
References
Further Reading
About the Publisher
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this book is to provide a practical guide to using Martial Art strategies in everyday life; it aims to provide you with the necessary tools to analyse and transform areas in your life where fear and its related emotions operate. Central to the book is the concept of holistic self-defence, which is founded upon the principle that the primary form of intelligence to be applied to fear is one’s sense of balance.
This book will also challenge many preconceived notions of what defines Martial Art. I examine many of the concepts and philosophies that comprise Martial Art and apply old wisdom to contemporary settings. I have personally found that the Chinese tradition (mainly derived from Taoism) is the closest in essence to true Martial Art and for this reason I have based the book primarily upon Chinese perspectives and spiritual backgrounds; however, this by no means excludes other cultural interpretations, nor is it meant to depreciate their teachings.
Having spent over 22 years studying Martial Art, I feel that its true roots and its place in our daily lives has been overlooked and, to a certain extent, forgotten. In the last 30 years, Martial Art has enjoyed an explosion of popularity and although popularity is generally a good thing, it has engendered a variety of erroneous perceptions and interpretations of what constitutes Martial Art. The need for an ego massage and the lure of easy money have led to the emergence of many an unscrupulous and misguided teacher, and the mass-media marketing of Martial Art has further confounded the problem by creating fantastic images and staging fight scenes that bear no resemblance to reality. All of this has brought the world of Martial Art to a crisis point – what was once a noble and valid path for self-evolution has become a vehicle for people seeking their own materialistic and egotistic ends. However, this is not all encompassing as I have met many good and true martial artists in my time who are distinguished from their inferior counterparts by the quality of their ‘being’ and not their chosen Martial Art style.
How to Approach This Book
This book should be used as a working manual that can be dipped into on a daily basis, acting as a reminder and general guide to those of you who are searching for the martial way. It is also a good idea to read it from cover to cover to get an overall picture of what the study of Martial Art should include.
I am using this book to present Martial Art to you as a tool and, like all tools, it will only be meaningful to you when you use it practically in your life. This does not require you to go out and start conflicts in order to fulfil your training. In fact, the truth of conflict and its associated fears is that it is a part of everyday life that we are continually affected by – we are often attacked from within by our own negative thoughts and attitudes towards ourselves; conflicts arise between people who love each other; fear exists between people who work together; people, whether consciously or unconsciously, send negative thoughts or ‘vibes’; and there is always a possibility of physical intimidation which, while relatively rare in most people's lives, is increasing in all our lives all the time. If you embrace the fact that attack in some form is integral to our lives, then you will start to see our training from a much wider perspective. By the time you have finished reading this book you should have gained an understanding of the nature and effects of fear in your life. Moreover, you will have a good understanding of the strategies that could be employed to overcome the debilitating effects of fear and aggression.
If I appear to repeat myself during the course of this book, it is because some points need to be reiterated before their significance can be realized. The process of conscious repetition is essential to Martial Art, for it is only by repeating carefully (practising) a particular move or aspect, that your body, mind and spirit can begin to embody the underlying principles. It is because of this that delving deeply into the spiritual ramifications of this kind of work is beyond the scope of this book. It can take you to that door, but it will not open it very far. This is primarily because a very thorough grounding in the physical and practical aspects is needed before we can truly experience the spiritual benefits of Martial Art.
You are reading these words now for a reason; perhaps this book caught your eye on a bookshop’s shelf, perhaps somebody gave it to you because they felt that it could help you with particular situations that you are experiencing. Whatever the reason, it is important that before you start grappling with the ideas and concepts in this book, you are clear, as much as possible, why you are interested in the martial path and what you wish to gain from studying it. The true martial path is not a particularly easy one since it will ask you to face things in yourself that you would perhaps wish to keep in the dark, and it demands that you slowly bring your ego into perspective and allow a more ‘human’ being to take control of your life. This process requires you to be open to the relationship that exists in you with the things that part of you would most like to avoid, namely areas where pain and fear operate. Because of this fact, there will be times when you meet great resistance in yourself to forging ahead and keeping the process going. Remember that you are investing your energy and attention back into yourself and by so doing strengthening yourself at the very core of your being, thereby becoming more effective, stronger and able to meet all that life demands of you. This is the real meaning and purpose of Kung Fu: to provide a tool that you can use to deal with your daily battles, whether they be against violent attacks of a criminal nature, abusive bosses, partners, strangers, or negative thoughts and attitudes within you, or perhaps just to fight for what you want out of life and to deal with the many failures it takes to make a success. Nothing that is worth anything in life comes cheaply or easily. Conflict is an inescapable part of life and always carries with it a good helping of fear and pain; it arises in our life in many different places, some suspected, some unsuspected, and awareness of the possibility of conflict is your first line of defence. If we can keep our original motivations and wishes alive, we can return to the source of our enquiry into Martial Art and strengthen once again our wish to evolve by facing our fears.
Some Preliminary Information
A Brief History of Kung Fu
As this book aims to interpret some of the original Martial Art precepts into contemporary life it would serve us well to briefly look at the roots of Kung Fu (a modern term generally describing Martial Art), for it is only by looking at its origins that we can begin to understand what its original purpose may have been. The Kung Fu tradition has a Chinese background and is inextricably linked with the spiritual teachings of Taoism. Central to the teaching of Taoism is the concept of the individual practitioner evolving a gradual harmonization with nature and the Tao (the life force that animates all things and can be found everywhere in the universe), and this is important because since its conception it has been clear that Kung Fu is about harmonization rather than domination.
The roots of Kung Fu are very difficult to trace through history, primarily because the practice dates back thousands of years, but the first writings on Chi Kung (a form of exercise that was the precursor to modern Kung Fu) date back to 3000 BC and have been subsequently added to and developed by a succession of extraordinary individuals. The Northern Shaolin Temple in China’s Honan Province existed in approximately AD 580 and was the birthplace of modern Kung Fu. Legend dictates that Bodidharma, a Buddhist monk from India, travelled to China where he had been summoned to the court at Nanking. After a brief and not very successful trip, Bodidharma started his journey home, but before reaching his destination, he came upon the Shaolin Temple. The temple at that time was being used for scholarly Buddhist studies, and the monks were engaged in translating Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Chinese. On meeting Bodidharma, the head monk refused him entry because his progressive Buddhist teachings placed less emphasis on scholarly pursuits than they did on more energetic forms of teaching. Bodidharma decided to wait outside in order to try to gain entry, and he is rumoured to have spent this time in intensive meditation. (There is some speculation as to how long he stayed there – some say 40 days, others say nine years, but I have it on fairly good authority that it was, in fact, three months.) During this time, many local people came to him for guidance, and word of Bodidharma’s wisdom spread and finally found its way back to the temple. The head monk then conceded Bodidharma’s superior knowledge and allowed him to enter the monastery (more fanciful accounts will say that Bodidharma drilled a hole in the wall with his stare). What Bodidharma saw upon his entrance disturbed him greatly: the monks were lethargic and depressed and their bodies were emaciated; the prolonged mental activity of translation was an imbalance and, as with all imbalances, was beginning to destroy them. Bodidharma explained to them that as the mind and body are inextricably linked, the relationship between them must be continually rejuvenated and rebalanced otherwise disease (dis-ease) would follow. After much meditation, Bodidharma designed a set of exercises to bring about the rejuvenation of the Shaolin monks’ body–mind relationship. These exercises formed the basis of what is now Chi Kung and Kung Fu. The Chi Kung exercises presented in this book are scaled-down versions of Bodidhama’s original series and have been adapted for modern life.
During his time at the monastery, Bodidharma also wrote several classic texts, introduced the monks to Indian Martial Art and reintroduced the concept of Chi (the ancient art of extracting energy from the air via the breath) into Kung Fu. As time went by, the monks developed a deeper connection with their body movement and so began to understand the natural laws inherent in the human body and its machinations. However, this dynamic connection to their own bodies soon lent itself to meditating on nature itself and the movements contained therein, and hence they began to experience themselves as part of nature. This had a profound effect on the development of Kung Fu, as the monks allowed themselves to be ‘taught’ by nature directly. For example, by meditating upon animals they came to understand the most natural methods of adapting to their environment and defending themselves against predators; and by meditating upon water they learned how to change the shape of their body in a continuous, ‘flowing’ manner. We can see both of these examples embodied in the original animal forms (a form is a long series of movements used for practising Kung Fu techniques), which were movements based on the animals (such as the tiger, monkey, snake and white crane) that they were mimicking. As time went on and the monks got stronger, their life dictated that they develop a direct martial application to their movements, as they were being attacked and robbed on their travels to nearby markets.
This direct connection with nature went hand in hand with the spiritual teachings of Taoism, the dominant religion in China between AD 310 and AD 580. The teachings of Taoism were well documented by Confucius (born: 551 BC) and Lao Tzu (born: circa 6th century BC), both great philosophers who preached about the evolution of man to such a level that he becomes one with the Tao, again emphasizing the importance of harmonization.
This, I admit, is a condensed history lesson, but it illustrates a few fundamental points about Kung Fu:
1 Kung Fu was originally a tool to help strengthen the relationship between the mind and the body to make the practitioner stronger in life.
2 The first purpose of Kung Fu was to fight disease.
3 Kung Fu led to a much deeper understanding of the laws of nature by working through the body.
Thus, it is important right from the start to understand that the correct study of Martial Art must have both internal (your relationship with yourself) and external (your relationship with the outside world) aspects intact. Like the two halves of the Yin/Yang symbol – separate, yet containing a small representation of the other (a spot) – these aspects must be shown to relate to each other, and helping you to understand this principle is one of the primary aims of this book. When we unlock our understanding of this relationship, we increase the use of (and the number of possibilities for using) our Martial Art training in everyday life. This understanding develops a sense of balance and by using the exercises presented in this book, it is my wish that you develop this sense and become open to the possibilities of how it can accentuate your life. The extraordinary thing about authentic Martial Art is that you work through your own body and build a relationship with it in order to understand about the power of balance through your own experiences. This direct understanding will then begin, quite naturally, to find its way into the other primary areas of your being, namely your mind and your emotions. Then, slowly, a new perception of yourself will begin to emerge where the body, mind and emotions work in dynamic harmony with each other, bringing extensive integration or ‘oneness’ with yourself and your environment.
FIGURE 1
The Intelligent Warrior
The title of this book, The Intelligent Warrior, was not chosen flippantly. The etymology of the word ‘intelligence’ comes from two words: ‘inter’, which means ‘between’, and ‘legere’, which means ‘to choose’. Thus, the word ‘intelligence’ implies a sense of balance, an ability to stand between two things and then make a decision, or the intention to take action in one direction or another; indeed, the word ‘intends’ means ‘to stretch out’ or ‘to move in one direction’. On the other hand, the word ‘warrior’ means ‘bringer of chaos or war’ and this, at first sight, might seem to contradict the word ‘intelligence’. After all, why would anyone want to bring chaos into his or her life? However, we all have both conscious and unconscious fears that affect our day-to-day decisions and actions, and bring about the same situations in our lives repeatedly. This can make us feel trapped or imprisoned at times in our lives when varying degrees of intensity or stress arise, and in order to free ourselves of these fears we must become aware of them in order to ‘open’ to them or ‘throw some light upon them’. We enter a state of chaos when we sense warring factions within ourselves, but only by seeing and accepting this state of chaos can we gradually bring some balance and understanding into our lives.
The Meaning of Kung Fu
The term Kung Fu roughly translated means time spent working on something in direct relationship to yourself so that your skill and yourself simultaneously evolve. Thus, Jimi Hendrix was a Kung Fu guitarist, Claude Monet was a Kung Fu painter and Confucius was a Kung Fu philosopher. A martial artist works on himself through the medium of his or her own body; the body is their instrument rather than a guitar or paint brush.
The art of expressing the human body was one of Bruce Lee's favourite topics. He maintained that learning Martial Art should ultimately allow you to express yourself ‘honestly’ (by this he meant to free of the confines of thought, habits, and attitudes) to be able to adapt to your environment in times of stress. Therefore, Kung Fu really means time spent working on yourself; it is a reinvestment of energy in yourself. We will deal with this principle at great length in this book, for one of the first things that must happen during your training is for you to gain awareness and control of your energy so that you do not continually dissipate it with physical, mental or emotional imbalanced states of being that are elicited by fear and its related emotions. And just as a good company reinvests some of its profits back into itself in order to adapt, survive and change in response to the prevailing climate, you as a martial artist must reinvest your energy back into yourself to become stronger and more able to meet the responsibilities that your life demands. You will then be able to defend against imbalance in yourself and recognize the effect that people and external/internal conditions have on you. This is the truth of real self-defence, and any discussion about Martial Art must consider this.
Common Misunderstandings
The Public
I have had many conversations with martial artists and the public about Martial Art, and the one thing that strikes me is that everybody thinks they know what it is. Interestingly, it is a subject that seems to provoke people into expressing strong opinions. The top-five reactions of people when I am introduced as a Martial Art instructor are:
1 ‘I better stay away from you then’ or ‘I won't get on your wrong side!’ usually said in a jovial tone and followed by a little smile as if they were the first person ever to think of such a quip. It is a tedious reaction because it is immediately assumed that I have a propensity to resort to physical violence, when in fact true Martial Art is about harmonization and not the use of inappropriate force to dominate someone.
2 Holding a bottle of beer or cream cake at a party tends to elicit the response, ‘I thought you were supposed to be super fit and weren’t supposed to consume things like that!’This reaction expresses the attitude that in order to be a martial artist you must live a life of saintliness and purity, which is rubbish because a martial artist must open up to everything, including ‘temptations’, in order to adapt. It is not a question of denial but rather a question of experiencing and discarding what is useless, one of the fundamental laws of adaptability.
3 The person immediately takes a comic fighting posture, gives the customary war chant ‘Hiiiii ya!’ and follows up with a reference to the ’70s cartoon Hong Kong Fooey. Some people deal with their fear of Martial Art by turning it into a caricature.
4 They proceed to explain what Martial Art is and tell me how they were once a black belt and that their master could do amazing feats such as walk along walls and defeat multiple attackers with a single touch of his finger. This is indicative of a particularly pernicious attitude bred in people who train in martial sport; it is an overly competitive attitude that is usually based on their own feelings of impotence.
5 They immediately adopt an attitude of subservience and over-the-top reverence for my illuminating presence. This type of person tends to want somebody else to take responsibility for them and always looks for answers from the outside instead of from within themselves.
Why have I gone to the trouble of outlining these somewhat comical responses? Because it is my belief that Martial Art, largely due to the huge media attention lavished upon it, has been grossly misrepresented and misunderstood by the public. Why is this important? Because many people, both men and women, are suffering from a lack of teaching to help them cultivate their warrior spirits truly and fully.
Martial Artists
The media is not solely to blame for this. So-called martial artists themselves also perpetuate misrepresentations. Three of the most current misrepresentations are:
1 The Internal School. The main culprits here are people who do T’ai Chi in satin suits and funny slippers in the park on Sunday. They proliferate quasi-Eastern mysticism that preaches about Chi, the importance of yielding and how you can use your energy to redirect your opponent’s force and cast aside knife-wielding maniacs with the calmest of demeanours. These people are playing a very dangerous game because a real street encounter with someone who actually wants to do physical harm is a brutal business and your training must reflect this. The internal side is essential in Martial Art but is impotent unless accompanied by the external.
2 The External School. People who practise in these types of schools believe that training for martial sport is the same as for Martial Art. One of the greatest crimes that the Western world has committed towards Martial Art is imbuing it with a sense of sport. All over the West, ‘martial artists’ compete for glittering trophies, glory and adulation in Martial art competitions when in fact scoring points in a tournament has very little to do with either real self-defence or developing the finer sensitivity inherent in artistic training – a mugger is not going to recognize the fact that you have just scored three points for tapping him in the ribs. If you only train for scoring points then that is all that will ever emerge when you are in a real situation. Training in this manner also tends to engender arrogant mental and emotional habits that can spill over into your daily lives. This school of training has come about largely because the Western world’s first real introduction to Martial Art came via America and so was filtered through their powerful sense of sport. We will deal with this topic in more detail later.
3 The Street Fighter School. This is proliferated by people who see themselves as ‘hard’. Their attitude is that Martial Art has to be as aggressive as possible because street fights are so bloody and brutal that you can only win if you are ‘hard’, and think that the best way of training is either for you to beat people up or to get your fellow students to try to beat you up. From one point of view, this is probably the safest of the misrepresentations and the closest to the truth but it is two-dimensional and these people are dangerously missing the point: actual physical confrontation for most people is fairly rare, but conflict exists everywhere. It can also be a very dangerous attitude to take because it increases Yang energy (aggression, anger etc.), which increases the chances of you starting an unnecessary fight and getting hurt or seriously hurting your opponent, consequently increasing the chances of ending up in prison with plenty of time to contemplate what you have lost. I therefore reiterate my point that physical confrontation for most people is a fairly rare event, but conflict is a natural part of life and is present much of the time.
The Media
The misrepresentations proliferated by the media are too many and varied to go into here, but the most dangerous are the ridiculous types of fight scenes we see in movies today. These lengthy scenes comprise bodies flying, jumping and running along walls, and I am sorry to say that real street fights are never like this. Instead, they tend to be brutal, messy and quite short. It is important to understand that the roots of Martial Art are very far away from the acrobatics and gymnastics portrayed by the entertainment industry. Moreover, you must be clear in your mind what it is you are training for; if you want your Martial Art training to have an effect in your life then you must spend time studying the situations and scenarios that you may encounter.
The Difference Between Martial Art and Martial Sport
So, having looked at some of the more common misrepresentations of Martial Art let us now look at what it actually should be. As mentioned previously there is a great difference between Martial Art and martial sport; in fact, most things described as Martial Art are actually martial sport. Martial Art deals with the art of expressing the human body and develops man's innate sense of harmonization, adaptation and exploration. Martial sport, on the other hand, is far more concerned with domination and emphasizes winning as the primary objective; this can have a very detrimental effect on those who practise it as it breeds a very limited two-dimensional perception of the world. It does not teach the human being how to evolve or how to accept Yin and Yang with equal respect or how to accept winning and losing with the same spirit.
Nor does it teach of the presence of the third dimension: balance. The tradition of Martial Art teaches us how to respect our bodies and exercise them in a manner that will preserve them in older age. Martial sport uses the body as a vehicle for glory and utilizes high-impact exercise to get the quickest results possible. The martial sport practitioner seeks material affirmation of their worth as a martial artist, which might include building bigger muscles, acquiring as many trophies as possible, wearing the most elaborate clothing or breaking the most boards. This is a highly dangerous form of training as it tends to build a false image of oneself and bring an overestimation of one's abilities. If correct focus is not taught, the mind will learn to daydream repeatedly seeing itself always as the “star” of one's own show, but anyone who has a modicum of experience in street fighting knows how crippling this image of oneself can be. The pure barbarity of real combat wipes out this illusion mercilessly. The most common effect when faced with an actual conflict is that the practitioner will freeze and engage in negative internal conversation about how they should be doing better or what friends are thinking of them. I have seen many skilled martial sport practitioners freeze and be reduced to the most basic form of body mechanics when faced with a drunken, little delinquent who was not afraid of violence.
Another aspect of martial sport, which I personally find astounding, is that so many practitioners end up with serious injuries, which can never really heal. These include destroyed knee ligaments, broken and arthritic hands, various back injuries, detached retinas, fallen arches, and breathing problems caused by broken noses and poor posture. Such injuries usually occur in competitions or regular training that allow full-contact sparring or from trying to attain a material goal such as large muscles or the next coloured belt. By training in this way, the wish to learn how to defend oneself ended up with the practitioner being even less able (due to injury) to defend himself than when he or she first walked in the dojo’s (Japanese word for training room) door.
It is also true that training in martial sport tires the body and makes it age quicker. It takes many years to build something of quality and authenticity, and your body is no different. Remember that the term ‘Kung Fu’ means time spent working on yourself (which means body, mind, and spirit), so patience and perseverance need to be cultivated in the practitioner in order to build a quality ‘vessel’ or body that is integrated and whole.
Key Concepts in Martial Art
An intelligent warrior should begin cultivating the ability to express themselves from the inside outwards, not to seek an image of themselves from the outside in, as if looking in a mirror, or imagining yourself as if playing a role in a movie. Similarly, they must cultivate an understanding of discipline as a self-imposed (or by a teacher) set of parameters that helps attain goals, and not as an outside force beating them into shape or a bitter pill that has to be swallowed. The Chinese use the analogy of pruning a tree, for if it is pruned correctly it will bear greater fruit in the spring; so too, if we curb some of our overextended branches (such as putting a stop to engaging in negative emotion or thought) we will gradually develop more internal power. Martial Art should work to develop the body in a holistic manner in accordance with nature, which means evolving the body, mind and spirit harmoniously so they gradually can manifest as one force.
