1870 hat die österreichische Arbeiterklasse das Koalitionsrecht errungen. Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsrechtler wie Isidor Ingwer oder der SP-Reichsratsabgeordnete Leo Verkauf haben in den Jahren vor 1914 vor dem Hintergrund radikaler, oft mit militärischer Gewalt unterdrückter Arbeitskämpfe (z. B. die toten böhmisch-mährischen Bergarbeiter 1894, Wiener Ziegelarbeiterstreik 1895, Bergarbeiterstreik 1900, die Toten des Generalstreiks von Triest 1902 oder die Toten des Lemberger Maurer- und Zimmererausstandes 1902) beschrieben, wie das Streikrecht vom habsburgischen Behördenapparat bis zur offenen Repression eingeschränkt wurde.

Viele Arbeiter und Arbeiterinnen wurden wegen kleiner Verstöße gegen das Koalitionsgesetz belangt. Die Erpressungsnormen des Strafrechts wurden gegen Ausständische mobilisiert. Nach dem Vereins- und Versammlungsrecht wurden Arbeitervereine verboten, Streikversammlungen aufgelöst. Mit dem «Prügelpatent» von 1854 wurde gegen Streikposten vorgegangen. Unzählige Arbeiter wurden nach der «Kontraktbruchregelung» der Gewerbeordnung sanktioniert. Mit Hilfe der «Vagabundengesetzgebung» wurden Streikende abgeschoben und «abgeschafft».

Es soll an Isidor Ingwer erinnert werden, der – wie Forschungen der Wiener Rechtshistorikerin Ilse Reiter-Zatloukal ergeben haben – schon 1893 wegen des Ausrufs «Es lebe die rothe revolutionäre Socialdemokratie!» – abgeurteilt und als «äußerst gefährlicher Agitator» aus Mähren «abgeschafft» wurde, und der am 19. August 1942 knapp nach seiner Deportation im KZ Theresienstadt verstorben ist.

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