Читать книгу: «May Martin’s Sewing Bible: 40 years of tips and tricks»

Introduction

I have been a textile tutor for over 40 years and I love my job. I couldn’t imagine doing anything more enjoyable. I have a passion for my subject and I love sharing my skills with other people – nothing gives me greater pleasure than helping my students and seeing them progress. At school I was not particularly academic, but I discovered that I could sew and I will never forget the sheer delight of completing my first project, a grey pencil skirt. I trained as a needlework teacher and taught at various schools for several years until my children arrived. I branched into adult education because I could fit it around my family, and I’ve been teaching students of all ages ever since.

Sewing has become hugely popular again. I’ve seen it in the growing numbers of students signing on for classes and in the appeal of TV programmes like The Great British Sewing Bee, for which I had the privilege of being one of the judges. What was striking about the programme was how well the contestants bonded with each other, and this is something that I’ve noticed in my own classes. People love to help each other and share their ideas. As a teacher, I find I learn so much from my pupils. I’ve even included a few tips in the here that they’ve shown me, such as the technique for double binding the edge of patchwork to make beautiful mitred corners.

In this book, I have tried to gather together some of the tips and tricks I’ve learned over the years. Along the way, I’ve discovered different methods of tackling particular techniques that make them easier as well as producing a better finish, and my aim is to share some of the tips that my students have found most helpful. I’ve begun with the basics – where to sew and what equipment you’ll need – and offered advice on the ‘raw materials’ of a project, from choosing fabric and thread to selecting and laying out a pattern. And I’ve presented some of the fundamental techniques that are so important in sewing, from how to make different types of seams and hems to such processes as creating your own binding (really easy if you have the right gadget) and forming ‘magic’ rouleau loops. At every point, I’ve tried to demystify the subject for beginners – explaining pattern terms and markings, for instance – while at the same time providing ideas for those with more experience to help enhance their sewing knowledge.

In the second part of the book, I’ve presented a range of projects to suit varying degrees of skill and ability – beginner, intermediate and more advanced. The skill level is shown at the start of each project. Beginner projects only require straight seams and simple hand stitching; intermediate projects involve curved seams, bound edges and relatively easy fastenings such as drawstrings or centred zips; the more advanced feature facings, interlinings, and matching fabric patterns and may involve assembling several different components. With these I’ve tried to give a taste of every type of sewing project you might be tempted to try, from craft work – how to make your own bunting or a beautiful puppet theatre, complete with puppets – to home furnishings, from a Roman blind to a boxed cushion cover. There are a number of dressmaking projects too, a range of items for both adults and children. These are linked to actual patterns that you can buy – and which you will need for the pattern pieces and full assembly instructions – but you don’t have to be restricted to these. My aim has been to try to bring them alive by focusing on particular techniques – such as how to insert an invisible zip or make a smocked panel for a little girl’s dress – which you can add to your repertoire and use again and again in other projects, building your skills all the time.

It is a privilege to be in a position to reach a wider audience and share what I’ve learned over the years. It has given me so much pleasure to teach others, helping and guiding them. I hope this book conveys some of that joy so that you in turn will be inspired to begin your own sewing journey.

A Place to Sew & the Equipment you Need

Essentials for your Sewing Space

Once you’ve identified your sewing space, here are a few basics that I’d recommend:

An electric socket – for plugging in your sewing machine and an extension lead. The power cables on sewing machines are never long enough!

A good lamp – I have an old Anglepoise with a daylight bulb in it – invaluable for ensuring you have enough light to work by, and not just on gloomy winter days.

A comfortable chair – at just the right height for you while you’re seated at the sewing machine.

A table – pasting table, folding table, kitchen table, even an ironing board – for cutting out your fabric.

Clear plastic boxes – to store fabrics, threads and haberdashery. I find it invaluable to see instantly where everything is.

Essential Tools

For your basic sewing kit, you’ll need the following items:

Hand-sewing needles – sharps (all-purpose) for hand-sewing, curved needles for craft, crewel (with a long eye) for embroidery. A needle threader is also invaluable.

Pins – dressmaker’s and glass-headed.

Thimble – metal, plastic or leather – for protecting the tips of your fingers when you’re hand-sewing.

Measures – A standard tape measure is 152cm (60in); an extra-long tape measure (30-cm/120in) is really useful when making curtains. A ruler comes in very handy, too, especially a gridded ruler with angles marked.

Pin cushion – to keep pins handy.

Cutting tools – scissors in different sizes, including dressmaker’s shears (25cm/10in), medium embroidery/needlework scissors (13cm/5in), small embroidery scissors (10cm/4in), paper-cutting scissors; and, perhaps not essential but extremely useful, pinking shears, sewing snips, stitch ripper.

Markers – chalk pencils, chalk wheels, air- and water-soluble marker pens (see here), dressmaker’s chalk, tracing wheel and carbon paper (see here).

Tracing or dressmaker’s carbon paper and tracing wheel – to copy designs and pattern markings (see here).

Coloured tape – to make a sewing guide on the throat plate of the sewing machine, and masking tape.

Essential Tools 1

1. Dressmaker’s shears – good for cutting fabric

2. Medium sewing scissors – good for trimming seams and cutting threads.

3. Small scissors – these are useful for clipping corners and cutting details

4. Paper scissors

5. Stitch ripper – really useful for cutting and pulling out threads

6. Tape measure – 150cm (6oin)

7. Double-length (soocm/120in) tape measures are now available and are really useful when cutting out curtains and blinds

8. Universal ruler with inch scale

9. Sewing gauge with sliding adjustergood for measuring seam allowances and hems

10. Small measuring gauge – this has lots of different measurements on the sides

11. Tailor’s chalk

12. Tracing wheel

13. Tracing or dressmaker’s carbon paper, used with a tracing wheel

14. Retractable pencils – they give a fine line that can be rubbed out with a fabric eraser.

15. Quilter’s 6mm (¼ in) tape – helps to guide rows of stitching

16. Coloured tape – useful for putting on the arm of the sewing machine to guide you

17. Pins – dressmaker’s

18. Pins – glass-headed

19. Metal thimble

20. Leather thimble

21. Selection of hand sewing needles

22. Needle threader

23. Corner and edge shaper

24. Chopstick – used for turning out tricky corners

25. Safety pins – used for threading elastic or tape into channels.

26. Wrist pin cushion

Essential Tools 1

Essential Tools 2

1. Seam roll

2. Tailor’s ham

3. Sleeve board

4. Pressing muslin

5. Squared pattern paper

6. Curved needles

7. Pinking sheers

8. Awl – good for making holes in card

9. Universal ruler with centimetre scale

10. Flexible ruler – for measuring and marking curves

11. Parcel strapping

12. Chalk cartridge pencil

13. Coloured refills for chalk cartridge pencil

14. Brass rings attached to paper fasteners

15. Chalk-filled tracing wheel

16. Soluble marking pen

17. Bodkin

18. Expanding gauge – excellent for spacing buttonholes, pleats and more

19. Button press

20. Button for covering

21. Fabric rubber

22. Fabric glue

23. Tape and binding makers. These are handy gadgets and come in different sizes; the fabric is threaded through and the edges are rolled under to form bias or straight binding.

24. Beeswax – before doing any hand sewing, run the thread through the wax; this will prevent it from tangling and will make it stronger.

25. Rotary cutter – this is a specialist cutter with a rotary blade that can cut through several layers of fabric at once. Use only with its special mat and ruler. Very useful for cutting parallel trims, bias strips, pieces for patchwork and much more.

26. Cutting mat

27. Chisel and block to cut buttonholes

28. Hole reinforcements

29. Weights

Essential Tools 2

Useful Additions to your Kit

The following items, while not essential, can come in very handy for different projects:

Bodkin –for pulling elastic through a casing.

Bridal and lace pins – finer pins for using with delicate fabrics and projects such as wedding dresses.

Sewing gauge – great for spacing buttons and buttonholes without measuring.

Flexible curve ruler – very useful for marking curves (such as for the Man’s Apron).

Rotary cutter – especially useful for quilting, but great for cutting any straight edge with the aid of a ruler and cutting mat.

Craft hole punch – for making holes in leather and card.

Bias binding and tape maker – these come in different sizes and are really useful for making straight or bias tape.

Beeswax – waxing thread prevents tangling.

Fabric eraser – for rubbing out marks on cloth.

Sewing Machine

It goes without say that, for most sewing projects, a sewing machine is vital, and I’ve devoted a whole section to it – see here.

Overlocker

An overlocker is a much more specialised piece of equipment, but it creates a really professional finish to garments – see here for further details.

Iron & Ironing Board

An iron and ironing board are needed at every stage of a sewing project, so it’s a good idea to set them up in a convenient location before you start. The ironing board comes in handy as an extra work surface, too. Put two ironing boards together with a board on the top and you have an adjustable-height work surface!

Other useful pressing aids are:

A seam roll – this is a padded tube, great for pressing seams inside sleeves and trouser. The roll holds the seam edges away when pressing so the indents don’t occur. For a bargain alternative, go to your local fabric shop and pick up a tube from the middle of a roll of fabric. Wrap it in a thin towel – and hey presto, you have a seam roll! The longer length of this tube is excellent for pressing long seams such as the table runner. You could even use a tube of cardboard from inside a roll of kitchen paper or plastic food wrap.

Sleeve boards – a sleeve board is like a mini ironing board on legs – it stands on your ironing board and is great for pressing tubes such as sleeves and trouser seams. They are also useful when pressing children’s clothes, which have small, fiddly seams and shaping.

Brown paper, printer paper, sugar paper – cut into strips and position under your seam allowances to prevent them from imprinting on the right side of the garment.

Tailor’s ham – really useful for pressing darts, panels and shaping, as they mimic the contour of the body.

Needleboard: These are boards with rows of needles that stand up and position themselves in the pile of the fabric, preventing flattening of the pile. They are great for pressing fabrics with a pile. For an effective alternative, place a spare piece of the fabric pile side up on the ironing board, then put your garment pile side down on top and press.

Pressing cloth – a pressing cloth is a fine piece of muslin that you lay on top of your fabric. When dry, it protects the fabric while you iron; when dampened, it aids pressing and shrinking.

Pressing mat – a portable padded mat that can be placed to protect and pad any work surface so that you can press anywhere.