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Sprawa Dreyfusa to historia niezłomności człowieka w obliczu osobistej tragedii, opowieść o jego godności i wytrwałej obronie własnej w klimacie zmasowanych oszczerstw i kłamstw. Ale sprawa Dreyfusa to znacznie więcej. Zapowiadała ona bo-wiem wiele znaczących wydarzeń i zjawisk XX wieku: rozdział Kościoła od państwa, wagę uniwersalnych praw człowieka, rozwój silnej i niezależnej prasy, ale także narastanie antysemityzmu, którego kulminacją były ustawy antyżydowskie reżimu Vichy i, de facto, jego współudział w Zagładzie. I choć afera Dreyfusa rozgrywała się na przełomie wieków we Francji, to jej historia jest ponadczasowa i globalna. A pytania, jakie stawia, nie przestają do nas przemawiać.

Od autorki

Dreyfus był francuskim nacjonalistą, czym nie różnił się od innych oficerów sztabu generalnego. Jednak – zdaniem historyka Francji Marka Sobolewskiego – „był Żydem, a w sztabie, zwłaszcza w kontrwywiadzie, siedzieli oficerowie reakcyjni wychowani w szkołach zakonnych, gwałtowni antysemici”. Ta koalicja korpusu oficerskiego z duchowieństwem tworzyła potężny obóz polityczny. O tym wszystkim opowiada książka Jolanty Kurskiej. Reakcje prawicy nacjonalistycznej i dużej części opinii klerykalnej autorka pokazuje w sposób sugestywny i ciekawy, bowiem poznajemy niektóre aspekty historii Francji od podszewki. Każdy naród ma zapewne takie skrywane obszary, które przypominają otwartą ranę. W Polsce swoistym odpowiednikiem sprawy Dreyfusa była sprawa zabójstwa pierwszego prezydenta II RP Gabriela Narutowicza. Jego wrogowie sięgali po ten sam repertuar argumentów, co wrogowie Dreyfusa.

Adam Michnik

Jolanta Kurska to doktor nauk społecznych w zakresie nauki o polityce, romanistka, absolwentka Sorbony, była prezeska Fundacji im. prof. Bronisława Geremka, autorka esejów i artykułów publikowanych we francuskich pismach naukowych, tłumaczka książek, autorka m.in książki „Rozmowy w Awinionie”, która ukazała się także we francuskiej wersji językowej.

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