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Madagascar, la quatrième plus grande île du monde, est située au large de la côte est de l'Afrique, dans l'océan Indien. Connue pour sa flore et sa faune uniques, Madagascar est souvent surnommée le « huitième continent ». L'île abrite une incroyable variété de plantes et d'animaux, dont environ 90 % sont endémiques, c'est-à-dire que l'on ne trouve qu'ici. Madagascar est un pays avec une histoire et une culture riches, caractérisé par un mélange d'influences africaines, asiatiques et européennes.

La population de Madagascar est composée de divers groupes ethniques, descendant en grande partie des colons malais-polynésiens qui ont peuplé l'île il y a environ 2 000 ans. Aujourd'hui, Madagascar compte environ 28 millions d'habitants, dont la plupart vivent en zone rurale.

1.2 Géographie et climat

Madagascar est une nation insulaire qui couvre une superficie d'environ 587 000 kilomètres carrés. L'île se caractérise par sa diversité géographique, allant des forêts tropicales humides à l'est aux savanes à l'ouest et aux semi-déserts au sud.

Climat:

Madagascar a un climat tropical influencé par la situation géographique de l'île. Le climat varie selon les régions :

Est : climat de forêt tropicale humide avec de fortes précipitations toute l'année. Les températures ici sont constamment élevées.

Hauts plateaux du centre : climat tempéré avec des températures plus fraîches et des précipitations plus faibles. Les mois d'hiver (de mai à septembre) peuvent être particulièrement frais, tandis que les mois d'été (de novembre à avril) sont plus chauds.

Sud : Climat semi-désertique avec de faibles précipitations et des températures élevées. Cette région est plus sèche et plus chaude que le reste de l'île.

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