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Zwischen staatlichen Wahrheitswächtern und privaten Medienmonopolen entwickelt sich in unseren Tagen eine neue Zensur-Praxis, für die beide nicht zuständig sein wollen und sich gegenseitig die Verantwortung zuspielen; eine Zensur des post-industriellen, kybernetischen Zeitalters.

"Gefährliche Falschinformation\" lautet die Punze, die Konzerne wie Alphabet/Google oder Facebook/Meta all jenen Publikationen auf ihren Plattformen aufdrücken, die dem transatlantisch-liberalen Weltbild ihrer Betreiber nicht passen. Gelöscht und blockiert wird von politisch und kulturell gesteuerten Algorithmen. In den vergangenen Jahren ist dies millionenfach geschehen, wenn Beiträge über Corona, Russland, den Islam oder den Klimawandel nicht der herrschenden Meinung entsprechen.

Der Wiener Historiker Hannes Hofbauer geht in die Geschichte zurück, um die aktuellen Verbotspraktiken besser verstehen zu können. Moderne Zensur beginnt mit der Erfindung des Buchdrucks zur Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts. Sie orientierte sich an den bereits davor gängigen Werten, mit der die katholische Inquisition gotteslästerliche und kirchenkritische Stimmen zum Schweigen gebracht hatte. Bis ins 18. Jahrhundert gehen die Träger der verordneten Wahrheit Schritt für Schritt von der Kirche auf den Staat über, wobei erstere als «Schutzwächter des Pöbels» wichtig blieb. Der Band enthält viele Biographien von zensierten Autoren, kämpferischen Verlegern wie Friedrich Brockhaus und standhaften Buchhändlern wie dem 1806 hingerichteten Johann Philipp Palm.

Die Wiederkehr der Zensur in unseren Tagen wurzelt in der ökonomischen Schwäche des transatlantischen Raums. Im Niedergang kämpft eine immer autoritärer agierende Elite um ihre Diskurshegemonie. Je erfolgreicher eine der herrschenden Meinung entgegenstehende Position unter die Menschen gebracht wird, desto aggressiver wird ihr von Brüssel oder Berlin begegnet, wobei immer häufiger die Zensurkeule zum Einsatz kommt.

Das Bewusstsein, dass unsere Gesellschaften langsam aber stetig in Richtung Orwell'scher Wahrheitsministerien schlittern, ist (noch) schwach entwickelt. Es zu schärfen, dazu soll dieses Buch beitragen; und um historische Parallelen erkennen zu können, wie z.B. jene der Zensurstriche in Heinrich Heines «Reisebildern» und den geschwärzten Videos auf YouTube.

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