Se suele invocar la idea de libertad para justificar la acción política. Presidentes estadounidenses tan dispares como Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan y George W. Bush han cimentado sus políticas en alguna variante del noble ideal de la libertad. Sin embargo, en la práctica, los proyectos suelen chocar con las circunstancias específicas que se dan sobre el terreno. Tal como prueban Abu Ghraib o Guantánamo, la búsqueda de la libertad puede conducir a la violencia y la represión más severas, y socavan nuestra fe en las teorías universales del liberalismo, el neoliberalismo y el cosmopolitismo.

Aunando sus dos pasiones, la política y la geografía, David Harvey bosqueja un orden cosmopolita más acorde con una forma emancipatoria de entender la gobernanza global. Cuando los proyectos políticos ignoran la complejidad de la geografía, suelen fracasar. Incorporar el saber geográfico en la formulación de las estrategias políticas y sociales es una condición necesaria para alcanzar una democracia genuina.

Harvey comienza con una aguda crítica de los usos políticos de la libertad, en especial durante el gobierno de George W. Bush. A continuación, mediante la investigación ontológica de las nociones fundacionales de la geografía –el espacio, el lugar y el medio–, reconstruye de una manera radical el conocimiento geográfico para reformular la teoría social y la acción política sobre nuevas bases. Como Harvey deja meridianamente claro, esa transformación alumbra un cosmopolitismo que está arraigado en la experiencia humana, no en ideales ilusorios, y nos pone en camino de alcanzar la liberación que necesitamos.

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