Las superficies viales representan una pequeña parte del paisaje urbano, no obstante, el aumento de su área impermeable contribuye con significativas cargas de contaminantes durante los eventos de lluvia. Los sedimentos viales acumulados en tiempo seco llevan consigo elementos metálicos que afectan a los recursos hídricos cuando son transportados por la escorrentía y cuando son suspendidos por el viento y la turbulencia inducida por el tráfico pueden afectar la calidad del aire y el suelo del entorno.

En este libro de resultados de investigación se presenta el desarrollo y la validación de una metodología para el análisis temporal de los metales pesados asociados con el sedimento vial a partir de información del material atmosférico en suspensión. Se seleccionaron las técnicas de aspirado y barrido en seco (SABS), y de barrido en seco (SBS) para la caracterización metálica del sedimento vial. Se utilizaron equipos manuales y automáticos de alto volumen para la caracterización metálica del material atmosférico en suspensión (PM10 y PST). Los elementos metálicos analizados fueron Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Ba, y As.

Finalmente, el desarrollo metodológico podrá ser de utilidad para las instituciones públicas y privadas encargadas de la gestión de la contaminación metálica urbana en superficie, para diseñar y evaluar las prácticas de control de la contaminación presente en las superficies viales; por ejemplo, el establecimiento de la frecuencia de barrido vial en las épocas de disminución y aumento de la precipitación. Adicionalmente, se constituyen en un punto de referencia para la discusión y la publicación de legislación ambiental asociada con la protección de la salud humana en suelo urbano frente a este tipo de contaminación.

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