Рассмотрены основные источники биомассы для применения в энергетических целях, которые можно разделить на первичные и вторичные (отходы). Первичные источники – биомасса растущих деревьев, некоторых многолетних трав, водорослей. Из биомассы производится три типа первичного топлива:

1. Твердое (уголь, торрефицированная биомасса (биоугль);

2. Газообразное (биогаз (СН4, СО2), генераторный газ (СО, Н2, СН4, СО2), синтез-газ (СО, Н2), заменитель природного газа (СН4);

3. Жидкое (этанол, биодизельное топливо, метанол, растительное масло, и пиролизное масло).

Вторичная биомасса (отходы): отходы лесной, деревообрабатывающей и целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности и отходы животноводства.

В настоящее время имеется большое количество технологий получения топливных брикетов и пеллет. В современной топочной технике применяются слоевой, вихревой, циклонный и факельный процессы сжигания топлива. Рассмотрены технологии двух основных типов биохимических процессов: анаэробное сбраживание и ферментация.

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